Journal of Geographical Sciences ›› 2018, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (2): 206-220.doi: 10.1007/s11442-018-1468-y
• Research Articles • Previous Articles Next Articles
Meiping SUN1,2(), Shiyin LIU2,3(
), Xiaojun YAO1, Wanqin GUO2, Junli XU2
Received:
2017-06-07
Accepted:
2017-07-20
Online:
2018-02-10
Published:
2018-04-10
About author:
Author: Sun Meiping (1981-), PhD and Associate Professor, specializing in the research of hydrological processes and climate change impact assessment. E-mail:
*Corresponding author: Liu Shiyin, Professor, E-mail:
Supported by:
Meiping SUN, Shiyin LIU, Xiaojun YAO, Wanqin GUO, Junli XU. Glacier changes in the Qilian Mountains in the past half-century: Based on the revised First and Second Chinese Glacier Inventory[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2018, 28(2): 206-220.
Add to citation manager EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks
Table 1
Glacier statistics by drainage basin in the Qilian Mountains"
Basin (Code) | Sub-basin (Code) | Number | Area | Average area(km2) | Volume | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(%) | (km2) | (%) | (km3) | (%) | ||||
Datong River (5J4) | Datong River (5J42) | 68 | 2.53 | 20.83 | 1.30 | 0.31 | 0.73 | 0.86 |
Hexi interior area (5Y4) | Shiyang River (5Y41) | 97 | 3.61 | 39.94 | 2.50 | 0.41 | 1.55 | 1.83 |
Heihe River (5Y42) | 375 | 13.97 | 78.33 | 4.90 | 0.21 | 2.39 | 2.83 | |
Beida River (5Y43) | 577 | 21.50 | 215.27 | 13.47 | 0.37 | 8.75 | 10.36 | |
Shule River (5Y44) | 660 | 24.59 | 509.87 | 31.91 | 0.77 | 29.66 | 35.11 | |
Danghe River (5Y45) | 318 | 11.85 | 203.77 | 12.75 | 0.64 | 10.08 | 11.93 | |
Total | 2027 | 75.52 | 1047.18 | 65.54 | 0.52 | 52.43 | 62.07 | |
Qaidam interior area (5Y5) | Buh River-Qinghai Lake (5Y51) | 24 | 0.89 | 10.27 | 0.64 | 0.43 | 0.42 | 0.50 |
Haltang River (5Y56) | 268 | 9.99 | 283.52 | 17.74 | 1.06 | 17.58 | 20.81 | |
Har Lake (5Y57) | 108 | 4.02 | 78.73 | 4.93 | 0.73 | 4.56 | 5.40 | |
Iqe River-Tatalin Gol River (5Y58) | 179 | 6.67 | 155.08 | 9.71 | 0.87 | 8.69 | 10.29 | |
Bayan Gol River (5Y59) | 10 | 0.37 | 2.20 | 0.14 | 0.22 | 0.06 | 0.07 | |
Total | 589 | 21.94 | 529.8 | 33.16 | 0.90 | 31.31 | 37.07 |
Table 2
Glacier statistics by province in the Qilian Mountains"
Province | City/Autonomous Prefecture | Number | Area | Volume | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(%) | (km2) | (%) | (km3) | (%) | |||
Gansu | Jiuquan | 718 | 26.75 | 508.99 | 31.86 | 28.17 | 33.35 |
Zhangye | 739 | 27.53 | 245.65 | 15.37 | 9.60 | 11.36 | |
Wuwei | 35 | 1.31 | 6.32 | 0.40 | 0.17 | 0.20 | |
Total | 1492 | 55.59 | 760.96 | 47.63 | 37.94 | 44.91 | |
Qinghai | Haixi | 825 | 30.74 | 729.79 | 45.67 | 42.79 | 50.65 |
Haibei | 367 | 13.67 | 107.06 | 6.70 | 3.75 | 4.44 | |
Total | 1192 | 44.41 | 836.85 | 52.37 | 46.54 | 55.09 |
Table 3
Glacier volume changes in the Qilian Mountains based on three sets of empirical constants"
Ice volume of glaciers in the FCGI (km3) | Ice volume of glaciers in the SCGI (km3) | Glacier volume change | Method of glacier volume calculation | Reference | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
km3 | km3/10a | %/10a | ||||
101.90 | 81.30 | -20.60 | -5.12 | -5.65 | V=0.0365A1.375 | |
109.86 | 87.52 | -22.34 | -5.56 | -5.69 | V=0.0433A1.29 | |
108.44 | 86.49 | -21.95 | -5.46 | -5.66 | V=0.04A1.35 | Liu et al. (2003) |
[1] |
Bie Q, Qiang W L, Wang C, et al., 2013. Monitoring the glacier variation in the upper reaches of the Heihe River based on remote sensing in 1961-2010.Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 35(3): 574-582. (in Chinese)
doi: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2013.0066 |
[2] |
Cao B, Pan B T, Gao H S, et al., 2010. Glacier variation in the Lenglongling Range of eastern Qilian Mountains from 1972 to 2007.Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 32(2): 242-248. (in Chinese)
doi: 10.1017/S0004972710001772 |
[3] | Chen H, Li Z Q, Wang P Y, et al., 2013. Change of glaciers in the central Qilian Mountains.Arid Zone Research, 30(4): 588-593. (in Chinese) |
[4] | Ding Y H, 2002. Assessment of Environmental Evolution in Western China Volume II: Predictions on Environment Change in Western China. Beijing: Science Press. (in Chinese) |
[5] |
Duan J P, Wang L L, Ren J W, et al., 2009. Progress in glacier variations in China and its sensitivity to climatic change during the past century.Progress in Geography, 28(2): 231-237. (in Chinese)
doi: 10.1016/S1003-6326(09)60084-4 |
[6] |
Gao X Q, Tang M C, Feng S, 2000. Discussion on the relationship between glacial fluctuation and climate change.Plateau Meteorology, 19(1): 9-16. (in Chinese)
doi: 10.1046/j.1463-1326.2000.00046.x |
[7] |
Gärtner-Roer I, Naegeli K, Huss M, et al., 2014. A database of worldwide glacier thickness observations.Global and Planetary Change, 122: 330-344.
doi: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2014.09.003 |
[8] |
Grinsted A, 2013. An estimate of global glacier volume.The Cryosphere, 7: 141-151.
doi: 10.5194/tc-7-141-2013 |
[9] |
Kargel J S, Leonard G J, Bishop M P, et al., 2014. Global Land Ice Measurements from Space. Heidelberg: Springer.
doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-79818-7 |
[10] | Lin S, Li H Y, Dang B, et al., 2014. The latest evidences of a warm-wet climatic shift in Hexi Corridor, Gansu.Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 36(5): 1111-1121. (in Chinese) |
[11] | Liu C H, Kang E S, Liu S Y, et al., 1999. Study on the glacier variation and its runoff responses in the arid region of northwest China.Science in China Series D, 29(S1): 55-62. (in Chinese) |
[12] |
Liu S, Sun W, Shen Y, et al., 2003. Glacier changes since the Little Ice Age maximum in the western Qilan Shan, northwest China, and consequences of glacier runoff for water supply.Journal of Glaciology, 49(164): 117-124.
doi: 10.3189/172756503781830926 |
[13] |
Liu S Y, Ding Y J, Li J, et al., 2006. Glaciers in response to recent climate warming in western China.Quaternary Sciences, 26(5): 762-771. (in Chinese)
doi: 10.3189/172756406781812005 |
[14] | Liu S Y, Shen Y P, Sun W X, et al., 2002. Glacier variation since the maximum of the Little Ice Age in the western Qilian Mountains, Northwest China.Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 24(3): 227-233. (in Chinese) |
[15] | Liu S Y, Yao X J, Guo W Q, et al., 2015. The contemporary glaciers in China based on the Second Chinese Glacier Inventory.Acta Geographica Sinica, 70(1): 3-16. (in Chinese) |
[16] |
Orelemans J, Anderson B, Hubbard A, et al., 1998. Modelling the response of glaciers to climate warming.Climate Dynamics, 14(4): 267-274.
doi: 10.1007/s003820050222 |
[17] |
Paul F, Barry R G, Cogley J G, et al., 2010. Recommendations for the compilation of glacier inventory data from digital sources.Annals of Glaciology, 50(53): 119-126.
doi: 10.3189/172756410790595778 |
[18] |
Racoviteanu A E, Paul F, Raup B, et al., 2009. Challenges and recommendations in mapping of glacier parameters from space: Results of the 2008 Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) workshop, Boulder, Colorado, USA.Annals of Glaciology, 50(53): 53-69.
doi: 10.3189/172756410790595804 |
[19] |
Radić V, Hock R, 2010. Regional and global volumes of glaciers derived from statistical upscaling of glacier inventory data.Journal of Geophysical Research, 115, F01010. doi: 10.1029/2009JF001373.
doi: 10.1029/2009JF001373 |
[20] | Shi Y F, 2000. Glaciers and Their Environments in China: The Present, Past and Future. Beijing: Science Press. (in Chinese) |
[21] | Shi Y F, 2005. A Concise China Glacier Inventory. Shanghai: Shanghai Science Popular Press. (in Chinese) |
[22] | Shi Y F, Liu S Y, 2000. Pre-estimation for the response of China glaciers to global warming in the 21st century.Chinese Science Bulletin, 45(4): 434-438. (in Chinese) |
[23] |
Su Z, Zhao J D, Zheng B X, 2014. Distribution and features of the glaciers’ ELAs and the decrease of ELAs during the Last Glaciation in China.Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 36(1): 9-19. (in Chinese)
doi: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2014.0002 |
[24] |
Tian H, Yang T, Liu Q, 2014. Climate change and glacier area shrinkage in the Qilian Mountains, China, from 1956 to 2010.Annals of Glaciology, 55(66): 187-197.
doi: 10.3189/2014AoG66A045 |
[25] |
Wang H J, Zhang B, Jin X H, et al., 2009. Spatio-temporal variations analysis of air temperature and precipitation in Qilian mountainous region based on GIS.Journal of Desert Research, 29(6): 1196-1202. (in Chinese)
doi: 10.1016/S1003-6326(09)60084-4 |
[26] |
Wang S J, Zhang M J, Li Z Q, et al., 2011. Response of glacier area variation to climate change in Chinese Tianshan Mountains in the past 50 years.Acta Geographica Sinica, 66(1): 38-46. (in Chinese)
doi: 10.1007/BF01709667 |
[27] |
Wang Y Z, Ren J W, Qin D H, et al., 2013. Regional glacier volume changes derived from satellite data: A case study in the Qilian Mountains.Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 35(3): 583-592. (in Chinese)
doi: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2013.0067 |
[28] | Wang Z T, Liu C H, You G X, et al., 1981. Glacier Inventory of China I Qilian Mountains. Lanzhou: Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Cryopedology, CAS. (in Chinese) |
[29] | Xie Z C, Feng Q H, Wang Xin, et al., 2005. Modeling the response of glacier system to climate warming: Taking glaciers in China as an example.Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 12(5): 77-82. (in Chinese) |
[30] | Xie Z C, Liu C H, 2010. Introduction to Glaciology. Shanghai: Shanghai Science Popular Press. (in Chinese) |
[31] |
Yan L L, Wang J, 2013. Study of extracting glacier information from remote sensing.Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 35(1): 110-118. (in Chinese)
doi: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2013.0013 |
[32] |
Yao X J, Liu S Y, Guo W Q, et al., 2012. Glacier change of Altay Mountain in China from 1960 to 2009: Based on the Second Glacier Inventory of China.Journal of Natural Resources, 27(10): 1734-1745. (in Chinese)
doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0280-z |
[33] | You L Y, Yang J C, 2013. Geomorphology in China. Beijing: Science Press. (in Chinese) |
[34] | Zhang H W, Lu A X, Wang L H, et al., 2010. Glacier change in the Lenglongling Mountain monitored by remote sensing.Remote Sensing Technology and Application, 2010, 25(5): 682-686. (in Chinese) |
[35] |
Zhang H W, Lu A X, Wang L H, et al., 2011. Glacier change in the Shulenan Mountain monitored by remote sensing.Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 33(1): 8-13. (in Chinese)
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1084.2010.00199 |
[36] |
Zhang J T, He X J, Shangguan D H, et al., 2012. Impact of intensive glacier ablation on arid regions of northwest China and its countermeasure.Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2012, 34(4): 848-854. (in Chinese)
doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0280-z |
[37] |
Zhang L, Zhang Q, Feng J Y,, et al., 2014. A study of atmospheric water cycle over the Qilian Mountains (I): Variation of annual water vapor transport.Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 36(5): 1079-1091. (in Chinese)
doi: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2014.0130 |
[38] |
Zhang M J, Wang S J, Li Z Q,, et al., 2011. Variation of glacier area in China against the warming in the past 50 years.Acta Geographica Sinica, 66(9): 1155-1165. (in Chinese)
doi: 10.1007/s11589-011-0776-4 |
[1] | Martha Elizabeth APPLE, Macy Kara RICKETTS, Alice Caroline MARTIN. Plant functional traits and microbes vary with position on striped periglacial patterned ground at Glacier National Park, Montana [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2019, 29(7): 1127-1141. |
[2] | Qifei ZHANG, Yaning CHEN, Zhi LI, Yupeng LI, Yanyun XIANG, Wei BIAN. Glacier changes from 1975 to 2016 in the Aksu River Basin, Central Tianshan Mountains [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2019, 29(6): 984-1000. |
[3] | Yuan ZHANG, Shuying ZANG, Li SUN, Binghe YAN, Tianpeng YANG, Wenjia YAN, E Michael MEADOWS, Cuizhen WANG, Jiaguo QI. Characterizing the changing environment of cropland in the Songnen Plain, Northeast China, from 1990 to 2015 [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2019, 29(5): 658-674. |
[4] | Yujie LIU, Ya QIN, Quansheng GE. Spatiotemporal differentiation of changes in maize phenology in China from 1981 to 2010 [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2019, 29(3): 351-362. |
[5] | Danyang MA, Haoyu DENG, Yunhe YIN, Shaohong WU, Du ZHENG. Sensitivity of arid/humid patterns in China to future climate change under a high-emissions scenario [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2019, 29(1): 29-48. |
[6] | Man ZHANG, Yaning CHEN, Yanjun SHEN, Baofu LI. Tracking climate change in Central Asia through temperature and precipitation extremes [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2019, 29(1): 3-28. |
[7] | Jing ZHANG, Yanjun SHEN. Spatio-temporal variations in extreme drought in China during 1961-2015 [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2019, 29(1): 67-83. |
[8] | Haijun DENG, Yaning CHEN, Yang LI. Glacier and snow variations and their impacts on regional water resources in mountains [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2019, 29(1): 84-100. |
[9] | HU Weijie,LIU Hailong,BAO Anming,Attia M. El-Tantawi. Influences of environmental changes on water storage variations in Central Asia [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2018, 28(7): 985-1000. |
[10] | XIE Yichun,ZHANG Yang,LAN Hai,MAO Lishen,ZENG Shi,CHEN Yulu. Investigating long-term trends of climate change and their spatial variations caused by regional and local environments through data mining [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2018, 28(6): 802-818. |
[11] | ZHANG Wenxia,,FENG Qingrong,WANG Tianguang,WANG Tianqiang. The spatiotemporal responses of Populus euphratica to global warming in Chinese oases between 1960 and 2015 [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2018, 28(5): 579-594. |
[12] | FU Yang,CHEN Hui,NIU Huihui,ZHANG Siqi,YANG Yi. Spatial and temporal variation of vegetation phenology and its response to climate changes in Qaidam Basin from 2000 to 2015 [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2018, 28(4): 400-414. |
[13] | WAN Honglian,SONG Hailong,ZHU Chanchan,ZHANG Beibei,ZHANG Mi. Spatio-temporal evolution of drought and flood disaster chains in Baoji area from 1368 to 1911 [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2018, 28(3): 337-350. |
[14] | Gengzhi HUANG, Shuying LENG. The progress of human geography in China under the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2018, 28(12): 1735-1756. |
[15] | Li WANG, Haiying YU, Qiang ZHANG, Yunjia XU, Zexing TAO, Juha ALATALO, Junhu DAI. Responses of aboveground biomass of alpine grasslands to climate changes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2018, 28(12): 1953-1964. |
|