Journal of Geographical Sciences ›› 2018, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (2): 175-192.doi: 10.1007/s11442-018-1466-0
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Haigen ZHAO1,2,3,4(), Yuyu TANG1, Shengtian YANG1,2(
)
Received:
2016-12-06
Accepted:
2017-03-21
Online:
2018-02-10
Published:
2018-02-10
About author:
Author: Zhao Haigen (1983-), PhD, specialized in hydrological simulation and remote sensing. E-mail:
*Corresponding author: Yang Shengtian (1965-), Professor, E-mail:
Supported by:
Haigen ZHAO, Yuyu TANG, Shengtian YANG. Dynamic identification of soil erosion risk in the middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin in China from 1978 to 2010[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2018, 28(2): 175-192.
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Table 1
Details of the remote sensing images in this study"
Name | Resolution (m) | Acquired time | Acquired department |
---|---|---|---|
Landsat-MSS | 56 | July to September, 1978 | NASA of the US |
Landsat-TM | 30 | July to September, 1998 | NASA of the US |
HJ-CCD | 32 | July to September, 2010 | China Center for Resources Satellite Data and Application |
KH-11 | 3 | July to September, 1978 | NASA of the US |
ZY3-CCD | 2.1 | July to September, 2012 | China Center for Resources Satellite Data and Application |
SPOT4 | 10 | July to September, 1998 | Yellow River Conservancy Commission in China |
Table 2
Standards for the classification and gradation of soil erosion risk"
Ground cover | VFC (%) | Slope (o) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
< 5 | 5-8 | 8-15 | 15-25 | 25-35 | > 35 | ||
Non-farmland | >75 | Slight | Slight | Slight | Slight | Slight | Slight |
60-75 | Slight | Light | Light | Light | Moderate | Moderate | |
45-60 | Slight | Light | Light | Moderate | Moderate | Severe | |
30-45 | Slight | Light | Moderate | Moderate | Severe | More severe | |
<30 | Slight | Moderate | Moderate | Severe | More severe | Extremely severe | |
Farmland | Slight | Light | Moderate | Severe | More severe | Extremely severe |
Table 5
Distributions of soil erosion risk grades in the study area in 1978, 1998, and 2010"
Erosion risk grade | Erosion risk in 1978 | Erosion risk in 1998 | Erosion risk in 2010 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Area (km2) | Proportion (%) | Area (km2) | Proportion (%) | Area (km2) | Proportion (%) | |
Slight | 105516.21 | 42.22 | 103337.17 | 41.35 | 132991.81 | 53.21 |
Light | 34582.84 | 13.84 | 36547.61 | 14.62 | 56912.95 | 22.77 |
Moderate | 79221.49 | 31.70 | 82230.37 | 32.90 | 41308.32 | 16.53 |
Severe | 28114.40 | 11.25 | 25683.34 | 10.28 | 17157.76 | 6.87 |
More severe | 2356.23 | 0.94 | 2033.02 | 0.81 | 1472.78 | 0.59 |
Extremely severe | 129.89 | 0.05 | 89.55 | 0.04 | 77.42 | 0.03 |
Table 6
Proportion of transformation for each erosion grade in the study area between 1978 and 1998"
Erosion grade in 1998 (%) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Slight | Light | Moderate | Severe | More severe | Extremely severe | ||
Erosion grade in 1978 (%) | Slight | 35.30 | 2.06 | 1.72 | 0.20 | 0.02 | 0.002 |
Light | 1.70 | 8.85 | 3.14 | 0.14 | 0 | 0 | |
Moderate | 1.20 | 3.58 | 25.91 | 0.96 | 0.05 | 0.001 | |
Severe | 0.16 | 0.13 | 2.07 | 8.84 | 0.05 | 0.001 | |
More severe | 0.04 | 0 | 0.07 | 0.14 | 0.70 | 0.002 | |
Extremely severe | 0.01 | 0 | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.002 | 0.03 |
Table 7
Proportion of transformation for each erosion grade in the study area between 1998 and 2010"
Erosion grade in 2010 (%) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Slight | Light | Moderate | Severe | More severe | Extremely severe | ||
Erosion grade in 1998 (%) | Slight | 38.06 | 0.35 | 0.13 | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.004 |
Light | 4.66 | 8.78 | 0.29 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | |
Moderate | 5.86 | 12.74 | 14.38 | 0.25 | 0.03 | 0.003 | |
Severe | 0.97 | 1.15 | 1.72 | 6.51 | 0.02 | 0.001 | |
More severe | 0.08 | 0 | 0.17 | 0.05 | 0.52 | 0.001 | |
Extremely severe | 0.010 | 0 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.02 |
Table 8
Deterioration and improvement in erosion grades in the study area between 1980 and 2010"
Erosion grade variation | 1978 to 1998 | 1998 to 2010 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Area (km2) | Proportion (%) | Area (km2) | Proportion (%) | |
Deterioration of 1 grade | 15508.13 | 6.21 | 2303.26 | 0.92 |
Deterioration of 2 grades | 4780.16 | 1.91 | 534.25 | 0.21 |
Deterioration of 3 grades | 491.20 | 0.20 | 193.21 | 0.08 |
Deterioration of 4 grades | 51.78 | 0.02 | 56.92 | 0.02 |
Deterioration of 5 grades | 4.50 | 0.002 | 9.83 | 0.004 |
Improvement of 1 grade | 19141.65 | 7.66 | 50004.85 | 20.01 |
Improvement of 2 grades | 3481.08 | 1.39 | 17731.47 | 7.09 |
Improvement of 3 grades | 445.28 | 0.18 | 2463.94 | 0.99 |
Improvement of 4 grades | 116.81 | 0.05 | 206.87 | 0.08 |
Improvement of 5 grades | 36.21 | 0.01 | 24.08 | 0.01 |
Summation of deterioration grades | 20835.77 | 8.34 | 3097.48 | 1.23 |
Summation of improvement grades | 23221.03 | 9.29 | 70431.21 | 28.18 |
Table 9
Multi-criteria decision rules for identifying conservation priorities"
Erosion grade in the next period | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Slight | Light | Moderate | Severe | More severe | Extremely severe | ||
Erosion grade in the previous period | Slight | Ⅳ | Ⅳ | Ⅱ | Ⅰ | Ⅰ | Ⅰ |
Light | Ⅳ | Ⅳ | Ⅲ | Ⅱ | Ⅰ | Ⅰ | |
Moderate | Ⅳ | Ⅴ | Ⅲ | Ⅱ | Ⅱ | Ⅰ | |
Severe | Ⅳ | Ⅴ | Ⅳ | Ⅲ | Ⅱ | Ⅰ | |
More severe | Ⅳ | Ⅴ | Ⅳ | Ⅲ | Ⅱ | Ⅰ | |
Extremely severe | Ⅳ | Ⅵ | Ⅴ | Ⅳ | Ⅲ | Ⅰ |
Table 10
Area and proportion of each priority level in the study area"
Priority level | 1978 to 1998 | 1998 to 2010 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Area (km2) | Proportion (%) | Area (km2) | Proportion (%) | |
1st level | 627.06 | 0.25 | 298.80 | 0.12 |
2nd level | 9023.28 | 3.61 | 2464.15 | 0.99 |
3rd level | 95046.16 | 38.03 | 52536.04 | 21.02 |
4th level | 32618.80 | 13.05 | 27296.90 | 10.92 |
5th level | 9280.42 | 3.71 | 34332.97 | 13.74 |
6th level | 103325.32 | 41.34 | 132992.19 | 53.21 |
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