Journal of Geographical Sciences ›› 2017, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (12): 1499-1520.doi: 10.1007/s11442-017-1449-6
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Received:
2017-01-19
Accepted:
2017-05-04
Online:
2017-12-10
Published:
2017-12-10
About author:
Author: Zhou Zhongxue (1972-), PhD and Associate Professor, specialized in land resource and land use evaluation, urbanization and its impact on urban agricultural development and ecosystem services. E-mail:
Supported by:
Zhongxue ZHOU, Mengtao LI. Spatial-temporal change in urban agricultural land use efficiency from the perspective of agricultural multi-functionality: A case study of the Xi’an metropolitan zone[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2017, 27(12): 1499-1520.
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Table 1
Evaluation indicators of agricultural land use efficiency"
Item | Indicators | Description of the variables |
---|---|---|
Costs (Input) | Fertilizer | Fertilizer cost |
Agricultural plastic film | Plastic film cost | |
Agricultural pesticide | Pesticide cost | |
Total power of agricultural machinery | Energy cost of agricultural machinery | |
Labor | Labor cost for planting and managing crop | |
Water resource | Water consumption for irrigating crops | |
Seed or seedling | Cost of seed and seedling for planting crops or trees | |
Food production | Provision of crops, fruits, vegetables, poultry, livestock, aquatic products, and foraging | |
Goods and services (Output) | Basic livelihood security | Providing the minimum necessities for a sustainable life for a farmer |
Employment | Stable employment opportunities provided by agriculture | |
Aesthetic and recreation | Aesthetics, spiritual and psychological care, sense of place, leisure and ecological tourism, agricultural education services, etc. | |
Carbon sequestration and oxygen release | Maintaining the balance of the atmospheric chemical composition by absorbing CO2 and releasing O2 | |
Soil and water conservation | Effect of vegetation on soil retention and reduction in soil erosion | |
Air purification | Ecological landscape absorption of SO2, NOx, dust, etc. | |
Climate regulation | Regulating regional climate, such as increasing precipitation and decreasing the temperature | |
Water purification and waste treatment | Decomposition and removal of residua and excess nutrients, purification of water | |
Biodiversity | Maintaining the diversity of biological species | |
Raw material production | Wood, forest products, medicinal plants, spices, etc. | |
Hydrological regulation | Flood control and water storage | |
Pest control and pollination | Pest and disease control, habitat for pollinators |
Table 2
Aesthetic and recreation value per unit area for each type of agricultural landscape in the Xi’an metropolitan zone (104 yuan·ha?1·a?1)"
Land use | Arable land | Woodland | Grassland | Water body | Orchard |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1999 | 0.00082 | 0.10480 | 0.00328 | 0.35533 | 0.05404 |
2006 | 0.00142 | 0.18099 | 0.00565 | 0.58299 | 0.09333 |
2015 | 0.00252 | 0.32276 | 0.01009 | 1.09436 | 0.16642 |
Table 4
Pollutants absorbed per unit area for each agricultural landscape in the Xi’an metropolitan zone (kg?ha?1?a?1)"
Land use | Pollutant types | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
SO2 | NOx | HF | Dust | |
Woodland | 291.03 | 215.36 | 9.94 | 44300.00 |
Grassland | 21.70 | 16.06 | 1.20 | 120.00 |
Arable land | 45.00 | 33.30 | 0.33 | 940.00 |
Orchard | 90.00 | 66.60 | 0.79 | 9000.00 |
Water body | 427.15 | 316.17 | 3.56 | 8.86 |
Table 5
Water conservation parameters for each agricultural landscape in the Xi’an metropolitan zone (Liu et al., 2016)"
Dry weight of litter layer (t/ha) | Saturation absorption rate (%) | Canopy interception rate (%) | Non-capillary porosity (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Woodland | 24.56 | 276.45 | 19.35 | 13.46 |
Orchard | 9.27 | 155.00 | 6.56 | 6.34 |
Grassland | 4.43 | 40.74 | 4.10 | 6.07 |
Table 6
Climate regulation and biodiversity value per unit area for each agricultural land use type in the Xi’an metropolitan zone (104 yuan·ha-1·a-1)"
Arable land | Woodland | Grassland | Water body | Orchard | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Climate regulation | 0.135 | 0.409 | 0.136 | 0.350 | 0.273 |
Biodiversity | 0.108 | 0.591 | 0.295 | 0.002 | 0.442 |
Table 7
Change in input per unit area for each agricultural land type in the Xi’an metropolitan zone"
1999-2006 | 2006-2015 | 1999-2015 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amount of growth(yuan/ha) | Change (%) | Amount of growth (yuan/ha) | Change (%) | Amount of growth (yuan/ha) | Change (%) | |
Arable land | 2198.81 | 0.28 | 5788.78 | 58.37 | 7987.589 | 103.49 |
Orchard | 4405.87 | 0.43 | 11274.00 | 76.35 | 15679.867 | 151.35 |
Woodland | 108.28 | 0.13 | 211.89 | 22.39 | 320.170 | 38.19 |
Table 8
Change in output per unit area for each type of agricultural land in the Xi’an metropolitan zone"
1999-2006 | 2006-2015 | 1999-2015 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amount of change (104 yuan/ha) | Rate of change (%) | Amount of change (104 yuan/ha) | Rate of change (%) | Amount of change (104 yuan/ha) | Rate of change (%) | |
Arable land | 1.70 | 55.66 | 0.75 | 15.77 | 2.45 | 80.21 |
Orchard | -0.46 | -8.03 | 1.06 | 20.24 | 0.60 | 10.59 |
Woodland | 0.17 | 7.10 | -0.09 | -3.43 | 0.08 | 3.42 |
Grassland | 0.45 | 53.55 | -0.32 | -25.16 | 0.12 | 14.19 |
Water body | -0.06 | -3.85 | 0.29 | 18.61 | 0.23 | 14.04 |
Table 9
Change in agricultural land use efficiency per hectare for each land type in the Xi’an metropolitan zone"
1999-2006 | 2006-2015 | 1999-2015 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amount of change (104 yuan/ha) | Rate of change (%) | Amount of change (104 yuan/ha) | Rate of change (%) | Amount of change (104 yuan/ha) | Rate of change (%) | |
Arable land | 1.48 | 39.33 | 0.17 | 4.56 | 1.65 | 72.36 |
Orchard | -0.90 | -23.90 | -0.07 | -1.83 | -0.97 | -20.77 |
Woodland | 0.16 | 6.44 | -0.11 | -4.42 | 0.05 | 2.16 |
Water body | -0.06 | -4.01 | 0.29 | 18.61 | 0.23 | 14.04 |
Table 1
0 Comparison of results from comprehensive efficiency and traditional economic evaluations in the Xi’an metropolitan zone"
1999 | 2006 | 2015 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Land type | Mean proportion (standard deviation), % | Correlation coefficient | Mean proportion (standard deviation), % | Correlation coefficient | Mean proportion (standard deviation), % | Correlation coefficient |
Arable land | 40.03 (13.28) | 0.998 | 51.83(9.75) | 0.998 | 47.65(12.68) | 0.998 |
Orchard | 46.14 (10.61) | 0.996 | 38.16(7.82) | 0.991 | 31.44(14.17) | 0.980 |
Woodland | -3.07 (0.42) | 0.901 | -2.08(2.39) | 0.932 | -2.67(3.41) | 0.962 |
Agricultural land | 0.768 | 0.933 | 0.958 |
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