Journal of Geographical Sciences ›› 2017, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (11): 1311-1324.doi: 10.1007/s11442-017-1437-x
• Research Articles • Previous Articles Next Articles
Huayu LU1,2(), Haixin ZHUO1, Wenchao ZHANG1, Shejiang WANG3, Hongyan ZHANG1, Xuefeng SUN1, Xin JIA1, Zhiwei XU1, Xianyan WANG1
Received:
2016-06-23
Accepted:
2017-07-31
Online:
2017-11-10
Published:
2017-09-07
About author:
Author: Lu Huayu, Professor, specialized in long-time climatic change, aeolian and fluvial geomorphology and early human environment reconstruction. E-mail:
Supported by:
Huayu LU, Haixin ZHUO, Wenchao ZHANG, Shejiang WANG, Hongyan ZHANG, Xuefeng SUN, Xin JIA, Zhiwei XU, Xianyan WANG. Earth surface processes and their effects on human behavior in monsoonal China during the Pleistocene-Holocene epochs[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2017, 27(11): 1311-1324.
Add to citation manager EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks
Figure 1
1a. Relief and major atmospheric circulation systems of China. Paleolithic and Neolithic archaeological sites are indicated by solid squares and the study regions mentioned in the text are indicated by hollow rectangles. Sites: 1. Jinniushan; 2. Nihewan; 3. Zhoukoudian; 4. Dingcun; 5. Dali; 6. Chenjiawo; 7. Gongwangling; 8. Luonan; 9. Lushi; 10. Lingjing; 11. Longgangsi; 12. Yunxian man; 13. Wushan; 14. Anjiang; 15. Chishandao; 16. Yuanmou; 17. Daoxian; 18. Bose. 1b. (a) Major basins, drainage patterns and Paleolithic sites in the Eastern and Central Qinling Mountains Region (QMR). (b) and (c) are enlargements of the Hanzhong and Luonan Basins. 1c. Location of Neolithic archaeological sites in the transitional zone between sand dune fields and loess deposits. Solid green circles are Holocene Optimum (HO) sites and solid red circles are Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) sites."
Figure 4
Stratigraphy and paleoenvironmental records from the Chinese Loess Plateau spanning the last 2 Ma. From left to right: geomagnetic polarity time scale; pedostratigraphy of the loess-paleosol sequence; magnetic susceptibility record of the Luochuan site, reflecting variations in summer monsoon strength; grain-size record from Luochuan, reflecting winter monsoon strength; stable carbon isotopic composition from the Yanyu site, reflecting vegetation patterns. The major climatic trends and cyclicity are linked with the evolution of the behavior of early humans."
[1] |
An Z S, Ho C K, 1989. New magnetostratigraphic dates of Lantian Homo erectus.Quaternary Research, 32: 213-221.
doi: 10.1016/0033-5894(89)90077-X |
[2] |
Black D, 1932. The discovery of Peking Man.Nature, 130(3294): 935.
doi: 10.1038/130935a0 |
[3] |
Chen F H, Dong G H, Zhang D Jet al., 2015. Agriculture facilitated permanent human occupation of the Tibetan Plateau after 3600 B.P.Science, 347(6219): 248-250.
doi: 10.1126/science.1259172 |
[4] | Gao X, 2015. On the age of Homo erectus yuanmounensis and related issues.Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 34(4): 442-450. (in Chinese) |
[5] |
Guo Z T, 2017. Loess Plateau attests to the onsets of monsoon and deserts.Scientia Sinica Terrae, 47: 421-437. (in Chinese)
doi: 10.1360/N072017-00037 |
[6] |
Guo Z T, Ruddiman W F, Hao Q Zet al., 2002. Onset of Asian desertification by 22 Myr ago inferred from loess deposits in China.Nature, 416(6877): 159-163.
doi: 10.1038/416159a |
[7] |
Hu X M, Garzanti E, Wang J Get al., 2016. The timing of India-Asia collision onset: Facts, theories, controversies.Earth-Science Reviews, 160: 264-299.
doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.07.014 |
[8] |
Huang W P, Ciochon R, Gu Y Met al., 1995. Early Homo and associated artifacts from Asia.Nature, 378(6554): 275-278.
doi: 10.1038/378275a0 pmid: 7477345 |
[9] |
Jia X, Lee H F, Zhang W Cet al., 2016. Human-environment interactions within the West Liao River Basin in northeastern China during the Holocene Optimum.Quaternary International, 428: 10-17.
doi: 10.1016/j.quaint.2016.01.011 |
[10] |
Jia X, Yi S W, Sun Y Get al., 2017. Spatial and temporal variations in prehistoric human settlement and their influencing factors on the south bank of the Xar Maron River, northeastern China.Frontiers of Earth Science, 11(1): 137-147.
doi: 10.1007/s11707-016-0572-5 |
[11] |
Li Z Y, Wu X J, Zhou L Pet al., 2017. Late Pleistocene archaic human crania from Xuchang, China.Science, 355(6328): 969-972.
doi: 10.1126/science.aal2482 pmid: 28254945 |
[12] |
Liu W, Martinon-torres M, Cai Y Jet al., 2015. The earliest unequivocally modern humans in southern China.Nature, 526: 696-699.
doi: 10.1038/nature15696 pmid: 26466566 |
[13] |
Lu H Y, Guo Z T, 2014. Evolution of the monsoon and dry climate in East Asia during late Cenozoic: A review. Science China:Earth Sciences, 57(1): 70-79.
doi: 10.1007/s11430-013-4790-3 |
[14] |
Lu H Y, Liu X D, Zhang F Qet al., 1999. Astronomical calibration of loess-paleosol deposits at Luochuan, central Chinese Loess Plateau. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatolpgy,Palaeoecology, 154: 237-246.
doi: 10.1016/S0031-0182(99)00113-3 |
[15] |
Lu H Y, Sun X F, Wang S Jet al., 2011a. Ages for hominid occupation in Lushi Basin, middle of South Luohe River, central China.Journal of Human Evolution, 60: 612-617.
doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.12.009 pmid: 21353287 |
[16] |
Lu H Y, Wang X Y, Li L P, 2010. Aeolian sediment evidence that global cooling has driven late Cenozoic stepwise aridification in central Asia. Geological Society,London: Special Publications, 342: 29-44.
doi: 10.1144/SP342.4 |
[17] |
Lu H Y, Yi S W, Xu Z Wet al., 2013. Chinese deserts and sand fields in Last Glacial Maximum and Holocene Optimum.Chinese Science Bulletin, 58(33): 2775-2783.
doi: 10.1007/s11434-013-5919-7 |
[18] |
Lu H Y, Zhang F Q, Liu X Det al., 2004. Periodicities of palaeoclimatic variations recorded by loess-paleosol sequence in China.Quaternary Science Reviews, 23(18/19): 1891-1900.
doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.06.005 |
[19] |
Lu H Y, Zhang H Y, Sun X Fet al., 2012. Landform, loess deposit and palaeoenvironmental changes in the South Luohe River (central China) during the hominin occupations.Quaternary Sciences, 32: 167-177. (in Chinese)
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7410.2012.02.01 |
[20] |
Lu H Y, Zhang H Y, Wang S Jet al., 2007. A preliminary survey on loess deposit in eastern Qinling Mountains (central China) and its implication for estimating age of the Pleistocene lithic artifacts.Quaternary Sciences, 27(4): 559-567. (in Chinese)
doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-7410.2007.04.012 |
[21] |
Lu H Y, Zhang H Y, Wang S Jet al., 2011b. Multiphase timing of hominin occupations and the paleoenvironment in Luonan Basin, central China.Quaternary Research, 76: 142-147.
doi: 10.1016/j.yqres.2011.04.001 |
[22] |
Manabe S, Broccoli A J, 1990. Mountains and arid climates of middle latitudes.Science, 247(4939): 192-195.
doi: 10.1126/science.247.4939.192 pmid: 17813285 |
[23] |
Meng Q R, 2017. Origin of the Qinling Mountains.Scientia Sinica Terrae, 47: 412-420. (in Chinese)
doi: 10.1360/N072016-00422 |
[24] |
Meyer M C, Aldenderfer M S, Wang Zet al., 2017. Permanent human occupation of the central Tibetan Plateau in the early Holocene.Science, 355(6320): 64-67.
doi: 10.1126/science.aag0357 pmid: 28059763 |
[25] |
Molnar P, Boos W R, Battisti D S, 2010. Orographic controls on climate and paleoclimate of Asia: Thermal and mechanical roles for the Tibetan Plateau.Annual Review of Earth & Planetary Sciences, 38(1): 77-102.
doi: 10.1146/annurev-earth-040809-152456 |
[26] |
Sun J M, Lü T Y, Zhang Z Qet al., 2012. Stepwise expansions of C4 biomass and enhanced seasonal precipitation and regional aridity during the Quaternary on the southern Chinese Loess Plateau.Quaternary Science Reviews, 34: 57-65.
doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.12.007 |
[27] |
Sun X F, Lu H Y, Wang S Jet al., 2012. Ages of Liangshan Paleolithic sections in Hanzhong Basin, central China.Quaternary Geochronology, 10: 380-386.
doi: 10.1016/j.quageo.2012.04.014 |
[28] |
Sun X F, Lu H Y, Wang S Jet al., 2013. TT-OSL dating of Longyadong Middle Paleolithic site and paleoenvironmental implications for hominin occupation in Luonan Basin (central China).Quaternary Research, 79: 168-174.
doi: 10.1016/j.yqres.2012.10.003 |
[29] |
Sun X F, Lu H Y, Wang S Jet al., 2017. Early human settlements in the southern Qinling Mountains, central China.Quaternary Science Reviews, 164: 168-186.
doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.04.005 |
[30] |
Sun X J, Wang P X, 2005. How old is the Asian monsoon system? Palaeobotanical records from China. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology, 222(3/4): 181-222.
doi: 10.1097/BOR.0b013e32832ca41c |
[31] | Wang S J, 2005. Perspectives on hominin behavior and settlement patterns: A study of the lower Paleolithic sections in the Luonan Basin, China. In: British Archaeological Reports International Series 1406. Oxford: Archaeopress. |
[32] |
Wang S J, Lu H Y, 2016. Taphonomic and paleoenvironmental issues of the Pleistocene loessic Paleolithic sites in the Qinling Mountains, central China. Science China Earth Sciences, 59: 1519-1528.
doi: 10.1007/s11430-016-5298-4 |
[33] |
Wang S J, Lu H Y, Zhang H Yet al., 2008. A preliminary survey of palaeolithic artifacts and loess deposition in the middle South Luohe River, eastern Qinling Mountains, central China.Quaternary Sciences, 28: 988-999. (in Chinese)
doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-7410.2008.06.003 |
[34] |
Wang S J, Lu H Y, Zhang H Yet al., 2014a. Newly discovered palaeolithic artifacts from loess deposits and their ages in Lantian, central China.Chinese Science Bulletin, 59(7): 651-661.
doi: 10.1007/s11434-013-0105-5 |
[35] |
Wang S J, Sun X F, Lu H Yet al., 2014b. Newly discovered Paleolithic open-air sites in Hanzhong Basin in upper valley of Hanjiang River and their ages.Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 22(2): 125-136. (in Chinese)
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.89.035422 |
[36] |
Wang W J, Bae C, Huang S Met al., 2014. Middle Pleistocene bifaces from Fengshudao (Bose Basin, Guangxi, China).Journal of Human Evolution, 69: 110-122.
doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.11.002 pmid: 24630526 |
[37] | Xie F, Li J, Liu L Q, 2006. Paleolithic Archeology in the Nihewan Basin. Shijiazhuang: Huashan Literature and Arts Press. (in Chinese) |
[38] | Xu Z W, Lu H Y, Yi S Wet al., 2013. Spatial variations of the Mu Us dune field (north central China) during the Last Glacial Maximum and Holocene Optimum. Quaternary Sciences, 33(2): 218-227. (in Chinese) |
[39] | Xue X X, Li H H, Li Y X, 2004. The new data of the uplifting of Qinling Mountains since the Middle Pleistocene.Quaternary Sciences, 24(1): 82-87. (in Chinese) |
[40] | Yi S W, Lu H Y, Zeng Let al., 2013. Paleoclimate changes and reconstruction of the border of Horqin dunefield (northeastern China) since the Last Glacial Maximum.Quaternary Sciences, 33(2): 207-217. (in Chinese) |
[41] | Zeng L, Lu H Y, Yi S Wet al., 2013. Environmental changes of Hulun Buir Dunefield in northeastern China during the Last Glacial Maximum and Holocene Optimum.Quaternary Sciences, 33(2): 243-251. (in Chinese) |
[42] |
Zhang D D, Li S H, 2002. Optical dating of Tibetan human hand- and footprints: An implication for the palaeoenvironment of the last glaciation of the Tibetan Plateau.Geophysical Research Letters, 29: 1-3.
doi: 10.1029/2001GL013749 |
[43] |
Zhang H Y, Lu H Y, Jiang S Yet al., 2012. Provenance of loess deposits in the eastern Qinling Mountains (central China) and their implications for the paleoenvironment.Quaternary Science Review, 43: 94-102.
doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.04.010 |
[44] |
Zhang H Y, Lu H Y, Wang S Jet al., 2017. Consistent C3 plant habitat of hominins during 400-300 ka at the Longyadong Cave site (Luonan Basin, central China) revealed by stable carbon isotope analyses of loess deposits.Journal of Human Evolution, 108: 1-10.
doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.01.011 pmid: 28622923 |
[45] |
Zhao M, Kong Q P, Wang H Wet al., 2009. Mitochondrial genome evidence reveals successful Late Paleolithic settlement on the Tibetan Plateau.PNAS, 106(50): 21230-21235.
doi: 10.1073/pnas.0907844106 |
[46] |
Zhou Y L, Lu H Y, Zhang H Yet al., 2013. Changes of the border of Otindag Sand Field (Northern China) during the Last Glacial Maximum and Holocene Optimum.Quaternary Sciences, 33(2): 228-242. (in Chinese)
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7410.2013.02.04 |
[47] |
Zhu R X, Potts R, Pan Y Xet al., 2008. Early evidence of the genus Homo in East Asia.Journal of Human Evolution, 55: 1075-1085.
doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.08.005 pmid: 18842287 |
[48] |
Zhu R X, Potts R, Xie Fet al., 2004. New evidence on the earliest human presence at high northern latitudes in northeast Asia.Nature, 431: 559-562.
doi: 10.1038/nature02829 pmid: 15457258 |
[49] | Zhuo H X, 2017. Hominid ages and paleoenvironment based on the analyses of Pleistocene loess deposits in Lantian, central China [D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University. |
[50] |
Zhuo H X, Lu H Y, Jia Xet al., 2013. A preliminary study on human activities in sand fields of northern China and its relationship with the climatic variations in Holocene.Quaternary Sciences, 33(2): 303-313. (in Chinese)
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7410.2013.02.12 |
[51] |
Zhuo H X, Lu H Y, Wang S Jet al., 2016. Chronology of newly-discovered Paleolithic artifact assemblages in Lantian (Shaanxi province), central China.Quaternary Research, 86: 316-325.
doi: 10.1016/j.yqres.2016.08.008 |
[1] | WEI Wei, GUO Zecheng, SHI Peiji, ZHOU Liang, WANG Xufeng, LI Zhenya, PANG Sufei, XIE Binbin. Spatiotemporal changes of land desertification sensitivity in northwest China from 2000 to 2017 [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2021, 31(1): 46-68. |
[2] | MA Bin, ZHANG Bo, JIA Lige. Spatio-temporal variation in China’s climatic seasons from 1951 to 2017 [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2020, 30(9): 1387-1400. |
[3] | LIU Xiaojing, LIU Dianfeng, ZHAO Hongzhuo, HE Jianhua, LIU Yaolin. Exploring the spatio-temporal impacts of farmland reforestation on ecological connectivity using circuit theory: A case study in the agro-pastoral ecotone of North China [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2020, 30(9): 1419-1435. |
[4] | WU Li, SUN Xiaoling, SUN Wei, ZHU Cheng, ZHU Tongxin, LU Shuguang, ZHOU Hui, GUO Qingchun, GUAN Houchun, XIE Wei, KE Rui, LIN Guiping. Evolution of Neolithic site distribution (9.0-4.0 ka BP) in Anhui, East China [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2020, 30(9): 1451-1466. |
[5] | YE Chao, LI Simeng, ZHANG Zhao, ZHU Xiaodan. A comparison and case analysis between domestic and overseas industrial parks of China since the Belt and Road Initiative [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2020, 30(8): 1266-1282. |
[6] | WANG Xueqin, LIU Shenghe, QI Wei. Mega-towns in China: Their spatial distribution features and growth mechanisms [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2020, 30(7): 1060-1082. |
[7] | YANG Fan, HE Fanneng, LI Meijiao, LI Shicheng. Evaluating the reliability of global historical land use scenarios for forest data in China [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2020, 30(7): 1083-1094. |
[8] | LIU Ruiqing, XU Hao, LI Jialin, PU Ruiliang, SUN Chao, CAO Luodan, JIANG Yimei, TIAN Peng, WANG Lijia, GONG Hongbo. Ecosystem service valuation of bays in East China Sea and its response to sea reclamation activities [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2020, 30(7): 1095-1116. |
[9] | FANG Chuanglin, WANG Zhenbo, LIU Haimeng. Beautiful China Initiative: Human-nature harmony theory, evaluation index system and application [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2020, 30(5): 691-704. |
[10] | CHEN Mingxing, LIANG Longwu, WANG Zhenbo, ZHANG Wenzhong, YU Jianhui, LIANG Yi. Geographical thoughts on the relationship between ‘Beautiful China’ and land spatial planning [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2020, 30(5): 705-723. |
[11] | TANG Zhipeng, MEI Ziao, LIU Weidong, XIA Yan. Identification of the key factors affecting Chinese carbon intensity and their historical trends using random forest algorithm [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2020, 30(5): 743-756. |
[12] | WANG Shaojian, GAO Shuang, HUANG Yongyuan, SHI Chenyi. Spatiotemporal evolution of urban carbon emission performance in China and prediction of future trends [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2020, 30(5): 757-774. |
[13] | SONG Zhouying, ZHU Qiaoling. Spatio-temporal pattern and driving forces of urbanization in China’s border areas [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2020, 30(5): 775-793. |
[14] | ZHAO Ting, BAI Hongying, YUAN Yuan, DENG Chenhui, QI Guizeng, ZHAI Danping. Spatio-temporal differentiation of climate warming (1959-2016) in the middle Qinling Mountains of China [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2020, 30(4): 657-668. |
[15] | WANG Jiayue, XIN Liangjie, WANG Yahui. How farmers’ non-agricultural employment affects rural land circulation in China? [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2020, 30(3): 378-400. |
|