Journal of Geographical Sciences ›› 2017, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (7): 801-816.doi: 10.1007/s11442-017-1407-3
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Bin HE1(), Aifang CHEN2, Weiguo JIANG3, Ziyue CHEN1
Received:
2016-09-02
Accepted:
2017-01-20
Online:
2017-07-10
Published:
2017-07-10
About author:
Author: He Bin (1981-), Associate Professor, specialized in studies on impacts of climate extremes. E-mail:
Supported by:
Bin HE, Aifang CHEN, Weiguo JIANG, Ziyue CHEN. The response of vegetation growth to shifts in trend of temperature in China[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2017, 27(7): 801-816.
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Figure 1
Spatial distribution of studied sub-regions and selected climate stations across China: (1) coniferous forest region, (2) broadleaf-coniferous mixed forest region, (3) deciduous broadleaf forest region, (4) evergreen broadleaf forest region, (5) rainforest region, (6) temperate grassland region, (7) temperate desert region, and (8) Qinghai-Tibet Plateau alpine meadow region"
Figure 3
Linear tends of growing season NDVI (a) and corresponding temperature during 1984 to 2011(b); variation of correlation coefficient between growing season NDVI and responding temperature during 1984 to 2011 with 14-year moving windows (c). Correlations with p-values<0.1, <0.05 and <0.01 are marked with asterisks."
Figure 5
Inter-annual variations of growing season NDVI (green line), mean temperature (red line) and mean precipitation (blue line) in eight sub-regions over the past 28 years. Trend lines denote linear time trends. “R1N-T”, “R1N-P”, “R2N-T” and “R2N-P” are the correlation coefficients between NDVI and temperature and NDVI and precipitation in 1984-1997 and 1998-2011, respectively."
Figure 7
Granger causality tests between growing season NDVI and responding temperature during periods of 1984-1997 and 1998-2011 on national (a) and regional scale (b-c). (a1) GS-T granger cause GS-NDVI and (a2) vice versa; (b1) GS-T granger cause GS-NDVI in 1984-1997 and (b2) vice versa; (c1) GS-T granger cause GS-NDVI in 1998-2011 and (c2) vice versa. Color-circles indicate the p-value below 0.1 which means a significant causal link between variables, and red color means a positive correlation between GS-NDVI and GS-T, while the blue one indicates a negative correlation."
Figure 8
Granger causality tests between growing season NDVI and responding precipitation (a), radiation (b) and CO2 concentration (c) during the periods 1984-1997 and 1998-2011 on national scale. (a1) GS-P granger cause GS-NDVI and (a2) vice versa; (b1) GS-R granger cause GS-NDVI and (b2) vice versa; and (c1) GS-CO2 granger cause GS-NDVI and (c2) vice versa. Color-circles indicated the p-value below 0.1, and red color means a positive correlation between GS-NDVI and GS-climate variables, while the blue one indicates a negative correlation."
Table 1
Results of Granger causality tests from GS-climate variables to GS-NDVI for whole China and eight vegetation type regions"
Regions | Periods | |
---|---|---|
1984-1997 | 1998-2011 | |
China as a whole | T(+), R(+) | T(-), P(-) |
R1 (Coniferous forest region) | P(-), C(+) | P(-) |
R2 (Broadleaf-coniferous mixed forest region) | ||
R3 (Deciduous broadleaf forest region) | R(+) | |
R4 (Evergreen broadleaf forest region) | ||
R5 (Rainforest region) | T(+), C(-) | T(-) |
R6 (Temperate grasslands region) | P(+), C(+) | |
R7 (Temperate desert region) | T(-) | |
R8 (Qinghai-Tibet Plateau alpine meadow region) | C(-) |
Figure S2
Variation of the relationship between NDVI and temperature with 10-year moving windows in eight sub-regions over the past 28 years. The correlations between NDVI and temperature are spatially heterogeneous. Correlations with p-values<0.1, <0.05 and <0.01 are marked with asterisks."
Figure S3
Variation of the relationship between NDVI and temperature with 18-year moving windows in eight sub-regions over the past 28 years. The correlations between NDVI and temperature are spatially heterogeneous. Correlations with p-values<0.1, <0.05 and <0.01 are marked with asterisks."
Figure S4
Variation of the relationship between NDVI and precipitation with 14-year moving windows in eight sub-regions over the past 28 years. The correlations between NDVI and precipitation are spatially heterogeneous. Correlations with p-values<0.1, <0.05 and <0.01 are marked with asterisks."
Figure S5
Granger causality tests between growing season NDVI and responding precipitation (a), radiation (b) and CO2 concentration (c) in 1984-1997 on regional scale. (a1) GS-P granger cause GS-NDVI and (a2) vice versa; (b1) GS-R granger cause GS-NDVI and (b2) vice versa; and (c1) GS-CO2 granger cause GS-NDVI and (c2) vice versa. Color-circles indicated the p-value below 0.1, and red color means a positive correlation between GS-NDVI and GS- climate variables, while the blue one indicates a negative correlation."
Figure S6
Granger causality tests between growing season NDVI and responding precipitation (a), radiation (b) and CO2 concentration (c) in 1998-2011 on regional scale. (a1) GS-P granger cause GS-NDVI and (a2) vice versa; (b1) GS-R granger cause GS-NDVI and (b2) vice versa; and (c1) GS-CO2 granger cause GS-NDVI and (c2) vice versa. Color-circles indicated the p-value below 0.1, and red color means a positive correlation between GS-NDVI and GS- climate variables, while the blue one indicates a negative correlation."
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