Journal of Geographical Sciences ›› 2017, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (6): 731-751.doi: 10.1007/s11442-017-1403-7
• Orginal Article • Previous Articles Next Articles
Meifeng ZHAO1,*(), Shenghe LIU2,3(
), Wei QI2
Received:
2016-06-02
Accepted:
2016-12-06
Online:
2017-06-10
Published:
2017-09-13
Contact:
Meifeng ZHAO
E-mail:zhaomeifeng@foxmail.com;liush@igsnrr.ac.cn
About author:
Author: Zhao Meifeng (1986-), PhD, specialized in urban geography. E-mail:
*Corresponding author: Liu Shenghe (1967-), Professor, specialized in urban geography. E-mail:
Supported by:
Meifeng ZHAO, Shenghe LIU, Wei QI. Exploring the differential impacts of urban transit system on the spatial distribution of local and floating population in Beijing[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2017, 27(6): 731-751.
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Table 1
The regression results of urban regular road, 2000-2010"
Variables | Variable description | Coefficient | P |
---|---|---|---|
Δ(densurr) | 2000-2010 Δ[urban regular road density] (km/km2) | 0.002 | 0.425 |
Δ(disexp) | 2000-2010 Δ[distance to the nearest expressway ramp] (km) | -0.006 | 0.447 |
Δ(dissw) | 2000-2010 Δ[distance to the nearest subway station] (km) | -0.029 | 0.001 |
disCBD | Distance to CBD (km) | -0.008 | 0.001 |
dissub | Distance to the nearest subcenter (km) | -0.003 | 0.555 |
Constant | 0.371 | 0.001 | |
R-squared | 0.168 | ||
Number of subdistricts | 226 | 226 |
Table 2
Population growth in different zones of different groups in Beijing Metropolitan Area, 2000-2010 (million)"
Region | Population in 2010 | Population growth in 2000-2010 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (% of total population) | Local residents (% of total population) | Floating population (% of total population) | Total (% of total population growth) | Local residents (% of total population growth) | Floating population (% of total population growth) | |
City center | 2.15(11.94%) | 1.59(8.83%) | 0.54(3.00%) | 0.06(0.94%) | -0.20(-3.47%) | 0.26(4.39%) |
Inner suburbs | 13.99(77.68%) | 8.04(44.64%) | 5.82(32.32%) | 5.65(96.15%) | 1.68(28.62%) | 3.92(66.81%) |
Outer suburbs | 1.86(10.33%) | 1.44(8.00%) | 0.40(2.22%) | 0.17(2.9%) | -0.06(-1.01%) | 0.23(3.96%) |
BMA | 18.01(100%) | 11.07(61.48%) | 6.77(37.57%) | 5.87(100%) | 1.42(24.14%) | 4.41(75.15%) |
Table 3
Summary statistics for main variables"
Variables | Variable description | Entire BMA | Inner suburbs | Outer suburbs | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | S.D. | Mean | S.D. | Mean | S.D. | ||
Dependent variables | |||||||
? (logTP) | 2000-2010 △[log(total population density)] | 0.271 | 0.470 | 0.465 | 0.474 | -0.024 | 0.292 |
? (logLR) | 2000-2010 △[log(local resident density)] | 0.065 | 0.400 | 0.200 | 0.429 | -0.125 | 0.228 |
? (logFP) | 2000-2010 △[log(floating population density)] | 0.916 | 0.700 | 1.077 | 0.632 | 0.714 | 0.864 |
Independent and control variables | |||||||
? (disexp) | 2000-2010 △[distance to the nearest expreeway ramp] (km) | -2.767 | 4.675 | -2.083 | 3.383 | -5.715 | 6.600 |
? (dissw) | 2000-2010 △[distance to the nearest subway station] (km) | -4.497 | 5.805 | -4.354 | 4.996 | -7.006 | 7.468 |
disCBD | Distance to CBD (km) | 20.639 | 16.401 | 14.561 | 8.383 | 43.148 | 10.583 |
dissub | Distance to the nearest subcenter (km) | 15.209 | 11.854 | 11.652 | 7.528 | 28.298 | 12.282 |
logTP2000 | log(total population density) in 2000 | 7.843 | 1.839 | 8.251 | 1.374 | 5.768 | 1.084 |
logLR2000 | log(local resident density) in 2000 | 7.624 | 1.827 | 7.971 | 1.412 | 5.651 | 1.069 |
logFP2000 | log(floating population density) in 2000 | 5.867 | 2.180 | 6.588 | 1.386 | 3.108 | 1.498 |
Motor | The private vehcle amount in every 100 people in 2010 | 19.149 | 3.572 | 18.956 | 2.686 | 16.217 | 1.062 |
Instrumental variables | |||||||
dissw56 | Distance to the nearest subway station in 1956 plan (km) | 13.784 | 14.371 | 7.893 | 7.187 | 33.874 | 9.406 |
dises | Distance to the Euclidean spanning tree network (km) | 7.072 | 7.872 | 4.932 | 5.151 | 12.992 | 10.658 |
Number of subdistricts | 226 | 135 | 60 |
Table 4
First-stage results of the Two-Stage Least Squares (TSLS)"
Variables | Total population | Local residents | Floating population | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |||||
? (disexp) | ? (dissw) | ? (disexp) | ? (dissw) | ? (disexp) | ? (dissw) | ? (disexp) | ? (dissw) | |
Panel A: Entire BMA | ||||||||
dises | 0.107*** | -0.485*** | 0.110*** | -0.477*** | 0.106*** | -0.484*** | 0.112*** | -0.460*** |
dissw56 | 0.652*** | -0.190* | 0.639*** | -0.229** | 0.666*** | -0.201** | 0.648*** | -0.200** |
disCBD | -0.502*** | 0.278*** | -0.487*** | 0.323*** | -0.506*** | 0.298*** | -0.508*** | 0.218*** |
dissub | -0.404*** | -0.235*** | -0.399*** | -0.219*** | -0.406*** | -0.224*** | -0.410*** | -0.280*** |
logP2000 | -0.088 | -0.307 | -0.128 | -0.433 | -0.118 | -0.137 | -0.175 | -0.981*** |
Motor | 0.715 | 0.224** | ||||||
Constant | 4.680* | 1.782 | 3.410 | -2.204 | 4.965* | -0.006 | 5.272** | 7.030*** |
R-squared | 0.491 | 0.577 | 0.492 | 0.586 | 0.491 | 0.576 | 0.491 | 0.598 |
Number of subdistricts | 226 | 226 | 226 | 226 | 226 | 226 | 226 | 226 |
Panel B: Inner suburbs | ||||||||
dises | 0.050 | -0.676*** | 0.078* | -0.695*** | 0.050 | -0.673*** | 0.036 | -0.655*** |
dissw56 | 0.594*** | -0.268** | 0.605*** | -0.275** | 0.592*** | -0.267** | 0.619*** | -0.316*** |
disCBD | -0.517*** | 0.185** | -0.475*** | 0.157** | -0.523*** | 0.196** | -0.506*** | 0.143* |
dissub | -0.271*** | -0.056 | -0.239*** | -0.078 | -0.277*** | -0.047 | -0.260*** | -0.098 |
logP2000 | 0.224 | -0.156 | 0.368 | -0.255 | 0.143 | 0.014 | 0.444 | -0.881** |
Motor | 0.313*** | -0.213 | ||||||
Constant | 1.777 | 0.983 | -6.569* | 6.663 | 2.648 | -0.479 | 0.294 | 6.869** |
R-squared | 0.545 | 0.623 | 0.580 | 0.630 | 0.544 | 0.622 | 0.550 | 0.637 |
Number of subdistricts | 135 | 135 | 135 | 135 | 135 | 135 | 135 | 135 |
Panel C: Outer suburbs | ||||||||
dises | 0.182** | -0.363*** | 0.243*** | -0.319*** | 0.179** | -0.368*** | 0.250*** | -0.326*** |
disswt56 | 1.038*** | -0.611** | 1.415*** | -0.340 | 1.103*** | -0.563** | 0.842*** | -0.845*** |
disCBD | -0.780** | 0.715*** | -1.069*** | 0.507** | -0.841** | 0.672*** | -0.606** | 0.915*** |
dissub | -0.547*** | -0.233*** | -0.616*** | -0.283*** | -0.561*** | -0.242*** | -0.511*** | -0.198*** |
logP2000 | -1.639 | -2.189*** | -0.100 | -01.730*** | -1.835* | -2.296*** | -1.109* | -1.637*** |
Motor | -2.057** | -1.477*** | ||||||
Constant | 15.335 | 6.760*** | 45.878*** | 28.691*** | 17.177 | 7.675 | 7.184 | -2.952 |
R-squared | 0.411 | 0.810 | 0.477 | 0.836 | 0.420 | 0.809 | 0.421 | 0.835 |
Number of subdistricts | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 |
Table 5
First-difference regression of the determinants of population growth, 2000-2010"
Variables | Δ(logTP) | Δ(logLR) | Δ(logFP) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |||||
OLS | IV | OLS | IV | OLS | IV | OLS | IV | |
Panel A: Entire BMA | ||||||||
Δ(disexp) | 0.010 | -0.004 | 0.012** | 0.008 | 0.006 | -0.014 | 0.018* | 0.036 |
Δ(dissw) | -0.029*** | -0.027*** | -0.026*** | -0.021** | -0.018*** | -0.020** | -0.045*** | -0.025* |
disCBD | -0.025*** | -0.025*** | -0.028*** | -0.028*** | -0.013*** | -0.013*** | -0.050*** | -0.049*** |
dissub | -0.012*** | -0.014** | -0.012*** | -0.011* | -0.010*** | -0.015** | -0.002 | 0.011 |
logP2000 | -0.229*** | -0.225*** | -0.204*** | -0.202*** | -0.137*** | -0.131*** | -0.357*** | -0.326*** |
Motor | -0.036*** | -0.037*** | ||||||
Constant | 2.664*** | 2.634*** | 3.217*** | 3.219*** | 1.474*** | 1.433*** | 3.917*** | 3.659*** |
R-squared | 0.354 | 0.342 | 0.388 | 0.387 | 0.204 | 0.168 | 0.385 | 0.357 |
F | 24.13*** | 23.11*** | 11.24*** | 27.5*** | ||||
Wald χ2 | 97.34*** | 119.80*** | 45.88*** | 108.69*** | ||||
Number of subdistricts | 226 | 226 | 226 | 226 | 226 | 226 | 226 | 226 |
Panel B: Inner suburbs | ||||||||
Δ(disexp) | 0.017 | -0.009 | 0.021 | -0.009 | 0.012 | -0.022 | 0.031** | 0.028 |
Δ(dissw) | -0.020** | -0.033*** | -0.019** | -0.030** | -0.011 | -0.025* | -0.030*** | -0.042*** |
disCBD | -0.023*** | -0.029*** | -0.026*** | -0.032*** | -0.011 | -0.020** | -0.041*** | -0.045*** |
dissub | -0.009 | -0.012* | -0.012* | -0.014** | -0.012* | -0.016** | 0.007 | 0.004 |
logP2000 | -0.267*** | -0.261*** | -0.280*** | -0.269*** | -0.160*** | -0.151** | -0.400*** | -0.411*** |
Motor | -0.027 | -0.019 | ||||||
Constant | 3.055*** | 3.022*** | 3.774*** | 3.534*** | 1.761*** | 1.718*** | 4.171*** | 4.273*** |
R-squared | 0.332 | 0.308 | 0.346 | 0.318 | 0.163 | 0.116 | 0.444 | 0.438 |
F | 12.82*** | 11.26*** | 5.03*** | 20.6*** | ||||
Wald χ2 | 61.37*** | 63.11*** | 24.76*** | 102.48*** | ||||
Number of subdistricts | 135 | 135 | 135 | 135 | 135 | 135 | 135 | 135 |
Panel C: Outer suburb | ||||||||
Δ(disexp) | 0.008 | 0.001 | 0.008 | 0.006 | 0.006 | -0.010 | 0.028 | 0.403 |
Δ(dissw) | -0.008 | -0.015 | 0.003 | -0.015 | -0.003 | -0.016 | -0.012 | 0.231 |
disCBD | -0.010** | -0.008 | -0.009** | -0.008 | -0.004 | 0.000 | -0.056*** | -0.143 |
dissub | 0.003 | -0.002 | 0.003 | 0.001 | 0.004 | -0.001 | 0.014 | 0.231 |
logP2000 | 0.057 | 0.035 | 0.063 | 0.054 | 0.067* | 0.030 | -0.159* | 0.607 |
Motor | -0.015 | -0.030 | ||||||
Constant | -0.039 | 0.047 | 0.152 | 0.412 | -0.436 | -0.322 | 3.316*** | 2.372 |
R-squared | 0.352 | 0.317 | 0.354 | 0.346 | 0.223 | 0.001 | 0.432 | 0.001 |
F | 5.88*** | 4.84*** | 3.10*** | 8.20*** | ||||
Wald χ2 | 30.63*** | 32.32*** | 13.89** | 4.25 | ||||
Number of subdistricts | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 |
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