Journal of Geographical Sciences ›› 2017, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (6): 661-680.doi: 10.1007/s11442-017-1399-z
• Orginal Article • Previous Articles Next Articles
Xuejuan CHEN1,2,*(), Xingguo MO1,3(
), Shi HU1, Suxia LIU1,3
Received:
2016-08-17
Accepted:
2016-12-06
Online:
2017-06-10
Published:
2017-06-10
Contact:
Xuejuan CHEN
E-mail:chenxj.14b@igsnrr.ac.cn;moxg@igsnrr.ac.cn
About author:
Author: Chen Xuejuan (1991-), PhD Candidate, specialized in remote sensing and eco-hydrology. E-mail:
*Corresponding author: Mo Xingguo, Professor, specialized in climate and eco-hydrology. E-mail:
Supported by:
Xuejuan CHEN, Xingguo MO, Shi HU, Suxia LIU. Contributions of climate change and human activities to ET and GPP trends over North China Plain from 2000 to 2014[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2017, 27(6): 661-680.
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Figure 2
The probability density functions (PDF) of the spatial distributions of simple correlation coefficients between every two de-trended climatic factors. PDF in gray color represents all the grids, and PDF in orange color represents the grids which are under 95% level significant. (SD: sunshine duration; Ta: mean temperature; DTR: diurnal temperature range; PPT: precipitation; VPD: vapor pressure deficit; WS: wind speed.)"
Figure 3
Comparisons between simulated daily ET and measured ET by eddy covariance in three flux towers, Yucheng: 2003-2005 (a), Daxing: 2008-2010 (b), and Guantao: 2008-2010 (c); and comparisons between simulated crop GPP and retrieved GPP by available statistic grain yields at county level during 2000-2014 in three provinces of Hebei (d), Tianjin (e), and Shandong (f)"
Figure 5
Probability density functions (PDF) and mean values (triangle symbol, upward or downward triangle means larger or smaller than the multi-year mean value) of the spatial distributions of ET and GPP from 2000 to 2014. ET is shown on the left side in green and GPP is shown on the right side in red. The blue horizontal line shows the multi-year mean value averaged over the whole region for ET and GPP. The series of blue rhombus and pink circles represent the variation coefficients of ET and GPP, respectively."
Table 1
The area proportions and mean values of ET and GPP trends"
Area_ET trend (%) | ET_trend (mm yr-2) | Area_GPP trend (%) | GPP_trend (g C m-2 yr-2) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Decrease (P<0.05) | 9.5 | -6.864 | 8.8 | -28.655 |
Decrease (P>0.05) | 29.5 | -1.794 | 22.7 | -7.289 |
Increase (P>0.05) | 45.1 | 2.034 | 39.3 | 8.579 |
Increase (P<0.05) | 16.0 | 5.712 | 29.2 | 24.041 |
Figure 7
Spatial distributions of dominant climatic variables of annual ET (a), ET in wheat growing stage (b), ET in maize growing stage (c), annual GPP (d), GPP in wheat growing stage (e), and GPP in maize growing stage (f) (P<0.05) from 2000 to 2014 after removing the non-climatic influences. (The white color represents that the partial correlations between ET (or GPP) and climatic factors are insignificant. Wheat growing stage: during Oct, Nov, Dec, Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr and May; Maize growing stage: during Jun, Jul, Aug and Sep.)"
Table 2
Mean actual contributions of climate change and human activities to annual ET trends (mm yr-2) and GPP trends (g C m-2 yr-2)"
Zones | ET trend | Qac to ET trend | Qah to ET trend | GPP trend | Qac to GPP trend | Qah to GPP trend |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | 0.654 | 0.188 | 0.466 | 6.221 | -1.321 | 7.542 |
B | 1.045 | 0.416 | 0.630 | 11.863 | -1.876 | 13.739 |
C | 5.712 | 0.515 | 5.197 | 24.041 | -2.169 | 26.210 |
D | -6.864 | 0.247 | -7.111 | -28.655 | -0.903 | -27.752 |
Figure 10
Spatial distributions of annual mean simulated ET (a), annual mean MODIS-ET (b), difference between annual mean simulated ET and annual mean MODIS-ET (c), annual mean simulated GPP (d), annual mean MODIS-GPP (e), difference between annual mean simulated GPP and annual mean MODIS-GPP (f)"
Figure 13
Differences of the sensitivities of ET (a) and GPP (b) to each climate factor under different climatic conditions. (Specifically, assume that the sensitivity of ET to Ta increasing 1℃ is A, and the sensitivity of ET to Ta increasing 1℃ when SD decreases 20% is B. The difference of A and B is shown as the orange circle in the first column of (a). The differences of the sensitivities of ET (or GPP) to other factors are estimated similarly. Changes of SD, PPT and WS are set as decreasing 20%, while change of Ta is set as increasing 1℃ according to the climatic conditions of the North China Plain.)"
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