Journal of Geographical Sciences ›› 2017, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (1): 3-22.doi: 10.1007/s11442-017-1361-0
• Orginal Article • Next Articles
Cuicui JIAO1,2(
), Guirui YU1(), Nianpeng HE1, Anna MA1, Jianping GE3, Zhongmin HU1
Received:2016-04-06
Accepted:2016-05-05
Online:2017-02-10
Published:2018-01-04
About author:Author: Jiao Cuicui (1987-), PhD, specialized in carbon cycle in grassland ecosystems. E-mail:
*Corresponding author: Yu Guirui, Professor, specialized in carbon, water and nitrogen cycle in terrestrial ecosystems and global change. E-mail:
Supported by:Cuicui JIAO, Guirui YU, Nianpeng HE, Anna MA, Jianping GE, Zhongmin HU. Spatial pattern of grassland aboveground biomass and its environmental controls in the Eurasian steppe[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2017, 27(1): 3-22.
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Figure 1
The spatial distribution of the Eurasian steppe and aboveground biomass field sites"
Figure 2
Statistical characteristics of AGB in the Eurasian steppe and its three subregionsE-the Eurasian steppe; B-the Black Sea-Kazakhstan steppe subregion; M-the Mongolian Plateau steppe subregion; T-the Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe subregion. The error bars show the SD (standard deviation) of AGB; Different letters (a, b) denote significant difference of AGB at p<0.05 (LSD test)."
Figure 3
The correlations of AGB in the Eurasian steppe to latitude, longitude and elevation(a-c): the Eurasian steppe; (d-f): the Black Sea-Kazakhstan steppe subregion; (g-i): the Mongolian Plateau steppe subregion; (j-l): the Tibetan Plateau steppe subregion^The error bars show the SD (standard deviation) of AGB, *indicates the regression equation was significant at the 0.05 level, and *** at the 0.001 level^(Note: only one biomass site located in the 50oE-65oE longitudinal band, so it was not included when we compared the size of AGB among different longitudinal bands (Figures 3b and 3e)"
Figure 4
The spatial distribution of AGB field sites and vegetation type in the east and southeast margins (elevation < 4800 m) and on the surface (elevation > 4800 m) of the Tibetan Plateau(a) The spatial distribution of aboveground biomass field sites in the Tibetan Plateau; (b) The spatial distribution of vegetation type in the east and southeast margins of the Tibetan Plateau; (c) The spatial distribution of vegetation type on the Tibetan Plateau surface (elevation > 4800 m)"
Figure 5
The correlations of AGB to latitude, longitude, and elevation on the surface (elevation ≥ 4800 m) and the east and southeast margins (elevation < 4800 m) of the Tibetan PlateauThe error bars show the SD (standard deviation) of AGB, **indicates the regression equation was significant at the 0.01 level, *** at the 0.001 level, and p>0.05 indicates that AGB has no correlation to the latitude, longitude, or elevation."
Table 1
Correlations between AGB and environmental factors in the Eurasian steppe"
| AGB | MAP | MAT | MAR | Gravel | Sand | Silt | Clay | SOC | pH | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (mm) | (℃) | ( MJ m-2a-1) | (%vol.) | (%wt.) | (%wt.) | (%wt.) | (%wt.) | (-log(H+)) | ||
| Eurasian steppe region | Pearson Correlation | 0.45** | 0.16* | -0.26** | -0.28** | -0.09 | 0.07 | 0.08 | -0.01 | 0.08 |
| Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.19 | 0.34 | 0.25 | 0.88 | 0.47 | |
| N | 199 | 199 | 199 | 199 | 199 | 199 | 199 | 199 | 199 | |
| Black Sea-Kazakhs tan steppe subregion | Pearson Correlation | 0.54** | 0.07 | -0.04 | -0.34 | -0.37 | 0.44 | 0.13 | 0.55** | -0.06 |
| Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.00 | 0.72 | 0.85 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.51 | 0.00 | 0.59 | |
| N | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | |
| Mongolian Plateau steppe subregion | Pearson Correlation | 0.60** | -0.53** | -0.28* | -0.04 | -0.18 | 0.27 | -0.01 | 0.37 | -0.17 |
| Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.74 | 0.11 | 0.06 | 0.96 | 0.08 | 0.13 | |
| N | 85.00 | 85.00 | 85.00 | 85.00 | 85.00 | 85.00 | 85.00 | 85.00 | 85.00 | |
| Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe subregion | Pearson Correlation | 0.53** | 0.17* | -0.40** | -0.28 | 0.17 | -0.29 | -0.05 | -0.07 | 0.38** |
| Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.89 | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.65 | 0.50 | 0.00 | |
| N | 85 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 85 |
Figure 6
The relationships between AGB in the Eurasian steppe and climatic variables(a-c): the Eurasian steppe; (d-f): the Black Sea-Kazakhstan steppe subregion; (g-i): the Mongolian Plateau steppe subregion; (j-l): the Tibetan Plateau steppe subregion^The error bars show the SD (standard deviation) of AGB;*indicates the regression equation was significant at the 0.05 level, *** at the 0.001 level, p>0.05 indicates that AGB has no correlation to the climatic variable"
Figure 7
The correlations of spatial patterns of AGB to MAP on the surface (elevation > 4800 m) and the east and southeast margins (elevation < 4800 m) of the Tibetan Plateau(a) The correlation of AGB to MAP on the Tibetan Plateau surface; (b) the correlation of AGB to MAP in the east and southeast margins of the Tibetan Plateau^The error bars show the SD (standard deviation) of AGB; *** indicates the regression equation was significant at the 0.001 level"
Figure 8
The relationships between AGB in the Eurasian steppe and soil factors(a-c): the Eurasian steppe; (d-f): the Black Sea-Kazakhstan steppe subregion; (g-i): the Mongolian Plateau steppe subregion; (j-l): the Tibetan Plateau steppe subregion^The error bars show the SD (standard deviation) of AGB; *indicates the regression equation was significant at the 0.05 level, and p>0.05 indicates that AGB has no correlation to the soil factor"
Table 2
Summary of the results obtained from stepwise multiple regressions between AGB and environmental variables, showing the integrative effects of environmental factors on the spatial variation of AGB in the Eurasian steppe"
| Factor | df | SS% | F | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eurasian steppe region | MAP | 1 | 24.91*** | 55.28 |
| MAT | 1 | 3.94** | 10.96 | |
| Gravel | 1 | 3.98** | 11.09 | |
| MAR | 1 | 2.09* | 5.83 | |
| MAP×Gravel | 1 | 0.88 | 2.44 | |
| Residual | 193 | 64.21 | ||
Black Sea-Kazakhstan steppe subregion | MAP | 1 | 29.65*** | 13.67 |
| SOC | 1 | 12.60* | 5.81 | |
| MAP×SOC | 1 | 5.72 | 2.64 | |
| Residual | 24 | 52.04 | ||
| Mongolian Plateau steppe subregion | MAP | 1 | 35.62*** | 49.39 |
| MAP×MAT | 1 | 4.49* | 6.23 | |
| MAP×MAR | 1 | 2.73. | 3.78 | |
| MAT | 1 | 0.20 | 0.27 | |
| Residual | 79 | 56.96 | ||
| Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe subregion | MAP | 1 | 27.93*** | 36.68 |
| pH | 1 | 7.18** | 9.43 | |
| MAP×MAR | 1 | 3.16 | 4.16 | |
| MAR | 1 | 0.23 | 0.30 | |
| MAT | 1 | 1.33 | 1.74 | |
| Resiudal | 79 | 60.16 |
Figure 9
The correlations of AGB to MAT (a), MAT to MAP (b) along the precipitation gradient and correlations of AGB to MAP (c) and MAT (d) in the zone where MAP ranged from 600 mm to 700 mm in the east and southeast margins of the Tibetan Plateau^The error bars show the SD (standard deviation) of AGB; *indicates the regression equation was significant at the 0.05 level; ***at the 0.001 level; p> 0.05 indicates that the relationships were not significant between the two variables"
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