Journal of Geographical Sciences ›› 2016, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (5): 531-548.doi: 10.1007/s11442-016-1284-1
• Orginal Article • Previous Articles Next Articles
Min ZHAO1,2(), Weiming *CHENG1,3(
), Qiangyi LIU1,2, Nan WANG1,2
Received:
2015-08-06
Accepted:
2015-12-11
Online:
2016-05-25
Published:
2016-05-25
About author:
Author: Zhao Min (1991-), Graduate Student. E-mail:
*Corresponding author: Cheng Weiming (1973-), Professor, specialized in digital geomorphology and GIS. E-mail:
Supported by:
Min ZHAO, Weiming *CHENG, Qiangyi LIU, Nan WANG. Spatiotemporal measurement of urbanization levels based on multiscale units: A case study of the Bohai Rim Region in China[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2016, 26(5): 531-548.
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Table 1
Basic geomorphological types in the Bohai Rim"
Altitude | Low altitude | Middle altitude |
---|---|---|
Relief | (< 1000 m) | (1000-3500 m) |
Plain (< 30 m) | Low altitude plain (LAP) | Middle altitude plain (MAP) |
Platform (> 30 m) | Low altitude platform (LAPF) | Middle altitude platform (MAPF) |
Hill (< 200 m) | Low altitude hill (LAH) | Middle altitude hill (MAH) |
Low relief mountain (200-500 m) | Low relief low altitude mountain (LRLAM) | Low relief middle altitude mountain (LRMAM) |
Middle relief mountain (500-1000 m) | Middle relief low altitude mountain (MRLAM) | Middle relief middle altitude mountain (MRMAM) |
High relief mountain (1000-2500 m) | — | High relief middle altitude mountain (HRMAM) |
Highest relief mountain (> 2500 m) | — | — |
Table 2
Relative errors between the extraction results and the statistical data"
City | Relative error (%) | City | Relative error (%) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1992 | 1998 | 2006 | 2012 | 1992 | 1998 | 2006 | 2012 | |||
Beijing | -1.88 | 3.03 | -1.53 | 3.91 | Liaoning | -0.68 | 2.95 | 0.29 | -0.81 | |
Tianjin | -1.91 | 2.67 | 2.41 | 3.18 | Panjin | -2.88 | 3.29 | -1.11 | 1.71 | |
Shijiazhuang | -1.41 | -0.12 | -0.15 | -0.02 | Tieling | -1.09 | 2.81 | -3.82 | 3.77 | |
Tangshan | -1.18 | 0.00 | -0.94 | 0.15 | Chaoyang | 2.37 | 0.82 | -1.10 | 2.00 | |
Qinhuangdao | 0.65 | -1.52 | 0.43 | 6.61 | Huludao | 1.57 | -1.23 | 0.83 | -0.81 | |
Handan | -0.69 | 1.26 | -0.70 | 1.12 | Jinan | -0.60 | -0.24 | -0.09 | 0.00 | |
Xingtai | 0.38 | 0.18 | 0.17 | 0.82 | Qingdao | -1.90 | 1.40 | 1.06 | 0.39 | |
Baoding | 1.24 | 0.44 | -0.52 | -0.20 | Zibo | -0.42 | 0.33 | 0.14 | -0.20 | |
Zhangjiakou | -2.72 | -1.42 | 1.27 | 2.29 | Zaozhuang | 1.58 | 0.66 | 1.58 | 1.29 | |
Chengde | -0.77 | 2.83 | -1.05 | -0.05 | Dongying | -1.42 | -0.87 | 1.58 | 1.75 | |
Cangzhou | -2.22 | -2.46 | 0.30 | 1.40 | Yantai | -0.02 | 0.13 | 0.15 | -0.20 | |
Langfang | -2.24 | -0.07 | -0.41 | 3.68 | Weifang | -0.22 | -0.87 | 0.46 | 0.32 | |
Hengshui | -0.42 | 1.32 | -0.19 | 3.65 | Jining | 0.83 | -2.69 | 1.99 | -0.34 | |
Shenyang | -3.27 | -0.17 | -0.17 | 0.07 | Taian | -1.84 | 1.74 | -1.13 | 0.63 | |
Dalian | -3.21 | -0.79 | -0.30 | 0.06 | Weihai | 0.49 | -2.04 | 0.34 | 0.02 | |
Anshan | -1.23 | -1.02 | -0.78 | -0.18 | Rizhao | 1.58 | 0.17 | 1.40 | 1.77 | |
Fushun | 0.22 | 0.35 | 0.65 | 2.63 | Laiwu | -2.90 | -0.94 | 1.04 | 0.69 | |
Benxi | -1.28 | 1.32 | -0.32 | 2.07 | Linyi | -0.94 | 1.74 | -0.33 | 0.23 | |
Dandong | -1.44 | -1.23 | -1.92 | 1.81 | Dezhou | -1.10 | -1.72 | 1.86 | 0.47 | |
Jinzhou | -1.04 | -2.00 | 2.18 | 2.07 | Liaocheng | 2.43 | -0.42 | -1.26 | 1.15 | |
Yingkou | 1.07 | -0.25 | -0.74 | 2.63 | Binzhou | -0.94 | -2.09 | -1.01 | -0.16 | |
Fuxin | -1.24 | 0.59 | 2.42 | 1.22 | Heze | 0.17 | -1.97 | -0.60 | 1.36 |
Table 3
Accuracy assessment of selected urban areas in the Bohai Rim using Landsat TM/ETM+ data"
Landsat extraction results | Urban (%) | Non-urban (%) | Total (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
DMSP/OLS extraction results | ||||
Urban (%) | 2.19 | 0.53 | 2.72 | |
1992 | Non-urban (%) | 0.59 | 96.69 | 97.28 |
Total (%) | 2.78 | 97.22 | 100.00 | |
OA = 98.88%; Kappa = 0.79 | ||||
Urban (%) | 2.76 | 0.31 | 3.07 | |
1998 | Non-urban (%) | 1.26 | 95.67 | 96.93 |
Total (%) | 4.02 | 95.98 | 100.00 | |
OA = 98.43%; Kappa = 0.77 | ||||
Urban (%) | 6.62 | 0.75 | 7.37 | |
2006 | Non-urban (%) | 2.34 | 90.29 | 92.63 |
Total (%) | 8.96 | 91.04 | 100.00 | |
OA = 96.91%; Kappa = 0.79 | ||||
Urban (%) | 7.50 | 0.50 | 8.00 | |
2012 | Non-urban (%) | 2.93 | 89.07 | 92.00 |
Total (%) | 10.43 | 89.57 | 100.00 | |
OA = 96.57%; Kappa = 0.80 |
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