Modeling the spatial distribution of urban population during the daytime and at night based on land use: A case study in Beijing, China

doi:10.1007/s11442-015-1200-0

Abstract

Abstract:

Urban population during the daytime and at night and their spatial distribution are important bases for planning urban infrastructure, public services and disaster relief. As current population statistics cannot distinguish urban population during the daytime from that at night, existed research in this field are quite limited. This paper tries to advance studies at this aspect by establishing a relationship model for the three components of ‘population, land use and time (daytime or night)’ to explore the temporal and spatial characteristics of different types of population, which is aimed to estimate urban population during the daytime and at night and to analyze their spatial characteristics at grid scale. Furthermore, an empirical case study has been carried out at the Haidian District in Beijing, China to test the model. The results are as follows: (1) The spatial structure of urban population during the daytime is significantly different from that at night. The spatial distribution of urban population during the daytime is more extensive and more agglomerated that that at night. (2) Several types of spatial coupling relationship between population during the daytime and that at night have been identified, such as sandwich mode, symmetry mode, convergence mode and single mode, etc. (3) The spatial distribution of daytime and nighttime population also reflects certain factors during the development of China, such as the distribution of old residential areas, the construction of new industrial districts, and the differences between urban and rural areas, which can provide reference points for studies in this field and other regional research.

Key words: urban population during the daytime and at night, spatial patterns, spatial coupling types, Beijing

Wei QI, Shenghe LIU, Xiaolu GAO, Meifeng ZHAO. Modeling the spatial distribution of urban population during the daytime and at night based on land use: A case study in Beijing, China[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2015, 25(6): 756-768.

Figures/Tables 9

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Types of land use (I)	Time
Types of land use (I)	Daytime (D)	Night (N)
I1 Farmland	PD1 Working population of primary industry	PN1 Nobody
I2 Industry & Mining & Warehouse Land	PD2 Working population of secondary industry	PN2 Nobody
I3 Commerce & Public Management & Service Land	PD3 Working population of tertiary industry (Those staff in PD4, PD5, PD6, PD7, PD11, PD12, PD13 are not involved)	PN3 Nobody
I4 Kindergarten Land	PD4 Students and staff in kindergarten	PN4 Nobody
I5 Primary School Land	PD5 Students and staff in primary school	PN5 Nobody
I6 Vocational School & Middle School Land	PD6 Students and staff in vocational school & middle school	PN6 Nobody
I7 Teaching & Research Land of Colleges & Universities	PD7 Students and staff in colleges & universities	PN7 Nobody
I8 Urban & Township Residential Land	PD8 The elderly, infants, the unemployed in urban areas & townships	PN8 Urban resident population (Students in colleges & universities and inpatients are not involved)
I9 Rural Homestead	PD9 The elderly, infants, the unemployed in rural areas	PN9 Rural resident population
I10 Accommodations Land of Colleges & Universities	PD10 Nobody	PN10 Students in universities & colleges
I11 Hotel Land	PD11 Staff in hotels	PN11 Hotel guests
I12 Hospital Land	PD12 Staff, outpatients and inpatients	PN12 Inpatients
I13 Scenic Land	PD13 Staff and visitors	PN13 Nobody
I14 Others	PD14 Nobody	PN14 Nobody

Scenic area’s rank	Minimal number of tourists in a year	Scenic area’s rank coefficient
5A	0.6 million	60
4A	0.5 million	50
3A	0.3 million	30
2A	0.1 million	10
A	0.03 million	3

Types of land use	Population during the daytime	Population at night	The total area weights
I1 Farmland	2290	0	58871726.5
I2 Industry & Mining & Warehouse Land	164059	0	6773584.0
I3 Commerce & Public Management & Service Land	1747151	0	32029209.4
I4 Kindergarten Land	54441	0	203259.7
I5 Primary School Land	128724	0	632876.7
I6 Vocational School & Middle School Land	126868	0	1494705.7
I7 Teaching & Research Land of Colleges & Universities	350997	0	10411515.0
I8 Urban & Township Residential Land	459861	2936960	71400902.7
I9 Rural Homestead	10335	72107	288723.6
I10 Accommodations Land of Colleges & Universities	0	263256	2806573.0
I11 Hotel Land	48836	23444	2251014.3
I12 Hospital Land	43618	8347	1122445.8
I13 Scenic Land	102226	0	52263207.8
Total	3239406	3304114

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