Spatial morphology evolution of rural settlements induced by tourism: A comparative study of three villages in Yesanpo tourism area, China

doi:10.1007/s11442-015-1182-y

Abstract

Abstract:

Rural tourism has become an important driving force of rural urbanization in China. As the main reception base and important tourism attraction, tourism village is the core element of the tourism destination system. Integrating the method of PRA (Participatory Rural Assessment), GIS technology and high-resolution remote sensing images, this study aims to analyze the spatial morphology evolution of rural settlements induced by tourism through a comparative study of three tourism villages in Yesanpo tourism area. The results suggest the emergence of a “core-periphery” pattern of the spatial evolution of rural settlements. The closer to the core scenic spot, the higher degree of land-use intensity the village shows, as well as the more mature tourism function and greater change in landscape pattern. In particular, Gougezhuang shows an increase of the floor area ratio from 0.17 to 0.44, with the most mature tourism function and the lowest authenticity index of 0.448. Liujiahe has gone through the largest increase in construction land area from 17.3564 ha to 34.1128 ha, with moderately mature tourism function and relatively stable authenticity index of 0.566. Shangzhuang has the lowest construction land scale and intensity, with the poorest tourism function and most well-preserved landscape authenticity index of 0.942. Overall, in terms of the spatial morphology, the three villages show the characteristics of “modern town”, “semi-urbanization” and “traditional village” respectively, in corresponding to three land development types: “intensive reconstruction type”, “enclave extension type” and “in situ utilization type”. The spatial evolution patterns of these three villages imply the spatial characteristics of the touristization of traditional villages in different stages, and also have great representative value for the management of rural settlements in tourism areas in China.

Key words: rural settlements, land use, spatial evolution, Yesanpo tourism area

Jianchao XI, Xinge WANG, Qinqin KONG, Nan ZHANG. Spatial morphology evolution of rural settlements induced by tourism: A comparative study of three villages in Yesanpo tourism area, China[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2015, 25(4): 497-511.

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Village	Household number	Labor number	Number of tourism employees	Per capita income (yuan/person)	Distance to the Bailixia Canyon scenic area (km)
Gougezhuang	542	446	942	6500	0.5
Liujiahe	159	177	178	5500	2
Shangzhuang	202	191	86	4200	7.5

Subject	Index	Standard
Subject	Index	(3-5 scores)	(1-3 scores)	(1 score)
Building	History	Built before 1970	Built during 1970-1980	Built after 1990
	Typicality	Buildings with obvious geographical features	Buildings with relatively obvious geographical features	Buildings with poor geographical features
	Locality	Traditional building	Traditional Building with modern decoration	Modern building
Yard	The gardening degree of yard	Natural plant	A small amount of modern decoration	Modern decoration
	The living function of yard	Entirely living function	Half living and tourism function	Entirely tourism function
	The distance among yards	Nature configuration and distance	Regular configuration and the large distance	Regular configuration and equidistant, small distance
Settlement	The variety of rural public space	With traditional public space at the center	With traditional public space away from the center	With other space at the center
	The convenience of internal village traffic	Natural materials, with low accessibility	Semi-natural materials, with certain accessibility	Human materials, with high accessibility
	The integrity of settlement	With more than 75% perfectly reserved historic appearance	With 25%-75% perfectly reserved historic appearance	With less than 25% perfectly reserved historic appearance

Village	Construction area of initial phase (m²)	Construction area of current phase (m²)	Expansion area (m²)	Expansion speed (m²/a)	K (%/a)
Gougezhuang	87794	160082	72288	3012.0	3.40
Liujiahe	173564	341128	167564	6981.8	4.00
Shangzhuang	49727	79430	29703	1237.6	2.50

The plot ratio	Gougezhuang (1986-2010)	Liujiahe (2004-2010)	Shangzhuang (2007-2010)
The initial phase	0.17	0.08	0.28
The current phase	0.44	0.34	0.26
The changes	0.27	0.26	-0.02

Original land use type	Conversion of land-use type	IV
Original land use type	Conversion of land-use type	Gougezhuang	Liujiahe	Shangzhuang
Public service land	Tourist accommodation	4.607	0.000	3.334
	Ordinary residential land	0.000	0.000	3.198
	Other land	0.000	0.000	21.202
Ordinary residential land	Tourist accommodation	821.881	1.236	26.313
	Tourist shopping	65.781	0.000	5.289
	Tourist entertainment	167.390	0.000	0.000
	Other land	0.000	17.623	0.000
Cultivated land	Public service land	0.000	1.645	9.388
	Other land	677.165	677.165	59.106
	Ordinary residential land	0.000	4.333	19.551
	Tourist accommodation	25.560	28.785	34.982
	Tourist shopping	2.940	1.064	1.240
	Tourist entertainment	1.350	1.350	0.000
Other land vacant and bare land	Ordinary residential land	10.976	18.598	11.490
	Tourist accommodation	0.867	18.989	4.907
	Tourist shopping	233.617	0.987	0.000
	Tourist catering	100.824	0.987	0.000
	Tourist entertainment	1.524	0.611	0.000
	Public service land	0.000	1.621	0.000