Journal of Geographical Sciences ›› 2014, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (6): 1095-1114.doi: 10.1007/s11442-014-1141-z
• Research Articles • Previous Articles Next Articles
Chuanglin FANG(), Haitao MA*(
), Zhenbo WANG, Guangdong LI
Received:
2013-10-05
Accepted:
2014-06-06
Online:
2014-06-20
Published:
2014-06-20
About author:
Author: Fang Chuanglin (1966-), Professor, specialized in land use and resources & urban geography. E-mail:
Supported by:
Chuanglin FANG, Haitao MA, Zhenbo WANG, Guangdong LI. The sustainable development of innovative cities in China: Comprehensive assessment and future configuration[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2014, 24(6): 1095-1114.
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Table 1
Constitution of comprehensive assessment system of innovative cities in China"
Primary index | Secondary index | Third-level index | Fourth-level index |
---|---|---|---|
Comprehensive Innovation Assessment Index of a City A | City Technology Innovation Index B1 | Innovation Platform Construction Index C1 | Where D1 is the number of higher education institutions per million people; D2 is the number of national key laboratories per million people; D3 is the number of national engineering research centers per million people; D4 is the number of national high-level technology development zones per million people; D5 is the number of national innovative technology zones per million people; D6 is the number of innovative corporations per million people; D7 is the number of national innovation incubators per million people; D8 is the number of post-doctoral affiliations per million people; and D9 is the number of post-doctoral research work stations per million people. |
Innovation Factors Input Index C2 | Where D10 is the proportion of social R&D investment to GDP; D11 is the proportion of education funding expenditure to local government expenditure; D12 is the proportion of technology expenditures to local government expenditure: D13 is the proportion of R&D employees to total social employees: D14 is the number of students in college per 10,000 people; D15 is the number of internet users per 100 people; and D16 is the number of mobile phones per 100 people. | ||
Innovation Achievement Transfer Index C3 | Where D17 is the number of innovation patents per million people; D18 is the contractual turnover volume in technology market per capita; D19 is the number of effective trademark registrations per million people; D20 is the number of famous Chinese trademarks per million people: D21 is the number of geographic indication products per million people; D22 is the number of independent innovation products at provincial level or above per million people; and D23 is the number of national key new products per million people. | ||
City Industrial Innovation Index B2 | Corporate Innovation Index C4 | Where D24 is the proportion of Top 500 corporations in the city to the total number of Top 500 corporations; D25 is the number of high-tech corporations at the provincial or above per million people; D26 is the proportion of the number of R&D institutions to total corporations with considerable scale; D27 is the proportion of R&D input to total primary business income of corporations with considerable scale. | |
Structural Innovation Index C5 | Where D28 is the proportion of high-tech industrial output to total industrial output; D29 is the proportion of added value of the service industry to GDP; D30 is the proportion of high-tech product exports in the total exports of all products; D31 is the proportion of output of high-tech industry development zones to GDP; and D32 is the proportion of new product sales to total primary business income with considerable scale | ||
Technology Benefit Index C6 | Where D33 is per capita GDP; D34 is total productivity; D35 is the disposable income of urban residents per capita; and D36 is the urban registered unemployment ratio. | ||
City Living Environment Innovation Index B3 | Energy-saving and Emission-reduction Index C7 | D37 is the comprehensive energy consumption per unit of industrial added value; D38 is the decrease rate of energy intensity per unit GDP; D39 is carbon emissions per 10,000Yuan GDP; D40 is the urban water-saving ratio; and D41 is the comprehensive utilization productivity of “the three wastes” | |
Living Environment Improvement Index C8 | Where D42 is the urban air quality index; D43 is the urban sewage treatment rate; D44 is the urban living garbage harmless disposal rate; D45 is the comprehensive utilization ratio of urban industrial solid wastes; and D46 is the green coverage ratio of urban built-up area. | ||
City Institutional Innovation Index B4 | Innovation Service and Culture Construction Index C9 | Where D47 is the number of talent intermediary service institutions per million people; D48 is the number of national technology associations per million people; D49 is the number of public library collections per 10,000 people; and D50 is the number of opera houses and movie theaters per 10,000 people. | |
Policy Innovation Index C10 | Where D51 refers to a listing on the “National innovative city pilot” undertaken by the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC); D52 refers to classification as a “national innovative pilot city” by the Ministry of Science and Technology; D53 refers to classification as a “national sustainable development experimental zone” by the Ministry of Science and Technology; D54 refers to listing as a “national intellectual property pilot city” ; and D55 denotes a rating as a “national outstanding city in technical progress.” | ||
Total | 4 | 10 | 55 |
Table 2
Strategic spatial configuration planning of national innovative cities"
Level | Global innovative city | National innovative city | Regional innovative city | Local innovative city | Innovation-driven city |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Evaluation criteria (Comprehensive innovation index | ≥0.75 | 0.5-0.75 | 0.25-0.5 | 0.1-0.25 | <0.10 |
Senior innovative city | Senior and middle-level innovative city | Middle-level Innovative City | Low-level innovative city | Primary innovative city (Potential innovative city) | |
Number of cities | 4 | 16 | 30 | 55 | 182 |
Innovative status | Global Innovation Center | National Innovation Center | Regional innovation center | Local innovation center | Innovation center |
Basic function | World city International Metropolis National Central City | National central city Regional central city | Regional central city Local central city | Local central city | Local sub-central city |
Regional radiation function | Core city of world-class metropolis | Core city of national urban agglomeration | Core city of regional urban agglomeration | Core city of local urban agglomeration | Core city of regional city group and circle |
Representative cities | Beijing Shenzhen Shanghai Guangzhou | Nanjing, Suzhou, Xiamen, Hangzhou, Wuxi, Shenyang, Xi’an, Wuhan, Dalian, Tianjin, Changsha, Qingdao, Changchun, Chengdu, Chongqing, Hefei | Zhuhai, Fuzhou, Changzhou, Jinan, Ningbo, Harbin, Taiyuan, Nanchang, Zhenjiang, Yantai, Haikou, Zhengzhou, Shaoxing, Lanzhou, Kunming, Dongguan, Yinchuan, Foshan, Hohhot, Wenzhou, Yangzhou, Huizhou, Taizhou, Mianyang, Guiyang, Shijiazhuang, Urumqi, Shantou, Tangshan, Nanning | Weihai, Jinhua, Wuhu, Dongying, Xiangtan, Baotou, Zhoushan, Zhongshan, Zibo, Karamay, Tongling, Jiaxing, Huzhou, Sanya, Nantong, Baoji, Taizhou, Weifang, Jingdezhen, Jiangmen, Laiwu, Quanzhou, Daqing, Zhuzhou, Langfang, Lianyungang, Erdos Jiayuguan, Ma’anshan, Anshan, Jinchang, Benxi,, Changzhi, Xining, Yancheng, Zhangzhou, Yueyang, Huainan, Bengbu, Putian, Lhasa, Tai’an, Jilin, Xinyu, Xuzhou, Qinhuangdao, Ezhou, Luoyang, Guilin, Deyang, Rizhao, Yichang, Liuzhou, Baoding, Dezhou | Longyan, Jincheng, Sanming, Lishui, Xuchang, Jining, Zhaoqing, Anyang, Xiangyang, Xingtai, Chengde, Wuhai, Pingdingshan, Quzhou, Binzhou, Zhangjiakou, Linyi, Xinxiang, Chaozhou, Panjin, Shaoguan, Huaian, Liaocheng, Zaozhuang, Tongliao, Mount Huangshan, Yingtan, Xianyang, Yingkou, Yuncheng, Luohe, Huaibei, Zigong, Changde, Yangquan, Shizuishan, Datong, Qingyang, Liaoyuan, Hengshui, Tongchuan, Beihai, Suqian, Yulin, Meizhou, Yanan, Yunfu, Jiaozuo, Yuxi, Cangzhou, Zhangjiajie, Dandong, Handan, Fushun, Yulin |
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