Journal of Geographical Sciences

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Characteristics of the iron mineralogy of farmland and red soils in eastern Guangdong and their pedogenetic implications

CHEN Zixuan, TANG Jinmeng, LIU Xin, LU Bin, YANG Junhuai, WANG Shuyuan, XIA Dunsheng

Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2025, 35(9): 2015-2036. DOI: 10.1007/s11442-025-2401-9

Figure 10 Correlation heatmap analysis (a, b) and principal component analysis (c, d) of various indicators within red and farmland soils; correlation between ferromagnetic mineral (FM), hematite (Hm), goethite (Gt), organic matter (OM), and soil color; and stratigraphic changes in magnetic minerals (e, f). The size of the circle corresponds to the average content within the layers, while the background color indicates the stratigraphic variations. Asterisks mark their significance: **, <0.01; or *, <0.05.

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Figure 1 Study area (a), image of the area (b), sampling location (c, d), meteorological information (e), stratigraphy and magnetic susceptibility of red soil A (f), stratigraphy and magnetic susceptibility of red soil B (g) of Meizhou city
Figure 2 Violin box plots (a, b, c) and box plots based on depths (d, e, f) of χ_lf, χ_fdand χ_fd% in various farmland; and violin box plots of χ_lf, χ_fdand χ_fd% in the red soils (g, h, i)
Figure 3 Changes in χ_lf, χ_fdand χ_fd% based on the depth in farmland and red soils
Figure 4 χ-T curves and FORC diagrams of typical samples from red and farmland soils
Figure 5 Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) curves (a), stacked pie chart (b) of reflectivity for each color band, and bar chart of reflectivity for each color band with a pie chart of average values for each section (c), second-order derivative curve of DRS (d, e) of farmland and red soils
Figure 6 Violin boxplots (a, b, c) and box plots (d, e, f) based on depth of Hm, Gt, and Hm/Gt in various farmland; and violin boxplots of Hm, Gt, and Hm/Gt in red soils (g, h, i)
Figure 7 Changes in Hm, Gt and Hm/Gt based on depth in farmland and red soils
Figure 8 Scatter plot analysis of magnetic parameters (a. χ_fd vs. χ_lf; b. χ_fd vs. χ_fd%; c. χ_lf vs. Gt; d. χ_lf vs. Hm)
Figure 9 Scatter plot analysis of DRS parameters (a. Redness% vs. Hm; b. Hm vs. Gt; c. Gt vs. Hm/Gt; d. Hm vs. Hm/Gt)

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